The interplay of leadership change and ministry effectiveness at the Fellowship of Christian Union Students in Zimbabwe (FOCUS)

Abstract

Leadership transitions are inevitable in all organisations, but in parachurch ministries, they often present heightened risks because of limited institutionalisation, fragile resourcing, and personality-driven leadership cultures. This study explores leadership change within FOCUS Zimbabwe, a student ministry affiliated with the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES), to discern both its challenges and its theological foundations. Guided by Osmer’s practical theology framework, the research integrates empirical findings with biblical teaching to establish normative principles for leadership transition in parachurch contexts. Data were collected through purposive sampling, involving a semi-structured openended questionnaire administered through Google Sheets. Fifteen participants were drawn from leaders, staff, board members, and supporters. Thematic analysis of the field data revealed challenges, such as the loss of institutional memory, financial insecurity, mission drift, and diminished staff engagement during succession periods. These findings highlight the vulnerability of parachurch organisations, where succession planning is often informal. In dialogue with Scripture, particularly texts such as Deuteronomy 31, 1 Timothy 3, Titus 1 and 2 and Timothy 2, the study affirms that biblical leadership change is rooted in stewardship, character, continuity, and Spirit-led discernment. Viewed through a theological lens, leadership transitions are not administrative accidents, but they are divinely guided processes aimed at preserving mission and promoting community faithfulness. The study concludes by recommending intentional apprenticeship redesign, structured mentorship, character-based selection criteria, and communal discernment practices to safeguard mission integrity and organisational sustainability. By grounding leadership transition in both contextual realities and biblical teaching, this research contributes to strengthening ministry effectiveness in African parachurch organisations.