The enforcement of the environmental legal and policy framework on solid waste management in Harare, Zimbabwe

Abstract

The study aims to assess the extent to which the existing legal and policy instruments in Zimbabwe are effectively implemented and enforced to address the pressing issue of SWM. Waste management is one of the emerging and most challenging issues in the world over. The worldwide trend resonates with Harare as the city is currently grappling with serious challenges in SWM, due to rapid urbanisation and population growth, resulting in an increase in amounts of municipal solid waste generated. As a result, there is a growing disparity between the supply and demand for waste management services, which is exacerbated by the rate of urbanisation. An analysis of the environmental legislative and policy framework on SWM showed that there are sufficient laws and policies to deal with MSWM. However, the city has struggled to effectively manage its waste due to weak and inadequate enforcement of the legal and policy framework in place. The improper management of solid waste may result in the pollution and degradation of the environment as well as risks to public health through outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery, which are common in Harare. The researcher used a qualitative research methodology in which a desk-top research project was carried out using relevant primary and secondary literature and legal documents to obtain data and information about the existing legal and policy framework on SWM in Harare. Some significant challenges impeding adequate SWM are the lack of comprehensive monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, limited capacity and resources, and lack of public awareness and engagement on proper waste management practices, leading to lack of compliance with regulations. To address these challenges, effective enforcement strategies must be implemented. This includes strengthening, monitoring and inspection systems to ensure compliance with waste management laws and regulations. Additionally, increased investment in waste management infrastructure is recommended.