Perceptions of Urban Trees in Air Quality and Climate Regulation: Insights from a Low- Income Settlement in South Africa

Abstract

Urban green spaces (UGS), such as parks, gardens, and trees, are essential in urban areas, providing ecosystem services (ES) that support human well-being and environmental health. Urban trees are particularly effective in improving air quality, regulating climate, and reducing dust, services that are especially critical in the Global South, where rapid urbanisation and pollution pose significant health risks. In South Africa, where urban growth and informal settlements are expanding, established UGS are scarce in low-income areas. Here, trees in private gardens and undeveloped spaces could play a pivotal role in improving the environment. This study examines the perceptions of residents in the small low-income community of Metsimaholo, South Africa, regarding the benefits and ecosystem disservices (EDS) of urban trees, such as maintenance needs, which can influence community support for existing and future municipal and community-led tree planting initiatives. Even though many residents value trees for their cooling, shade, and wind protection benefits, awareness of trees' roles in air purification appears limited, potentially reducing appreciation for their full range of ES. Although participants largely agree that trees improve quality of life, some express concerns over the costs and labour associated with tree upkeep. To foster greater community support for urban tree projects, this study suggests that raising awareness of trees' environmental benefits, particularly for air quality, and providing maintenance support could help mitigate concerns over EDS, making existing and future municipal and community-led tree planting initiatives more appealing and sustainable in low-income communities.