Employees' perceptions of leisure and retirement prior to retirement: A descriptive interpretive study in the Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality of North West

Abstract

Retirement is a significant life event characterised by various changes. Adjusting successfully to retirement is crucial for total well-being in later life. Leisure can play an important role in this process by providing structure and holistic well-being. Unfortunately, pre-retirees often underestimate the importance of preparing for leisure in retirement, which can affect their health during retirement. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of leisure and retirement among employees living in the Kenneth Kaunda District, North West Province, South Africa, during the 12 months preceding retirement. In particular, the study focused on the experiences of two distinct groups: blue-collar (n = 12) and white-collar (n = 12) workers, by using an interpretive descriptive research design with semi-structured individual interviews. For blue-collar employees who primarily engaged in manual labour roles, such as cafeteria staff, cleaners, technicians, chefs, police officers, and military personnel, retirement was seen as an opportunity to spend more quality time with family and friends. The results revealed that they believed that their leisure activities would improve in retirement, but their retirement planning was often limited to financial considerations, with little thought given to how they would engage in leisure during this phase. Pre-retirees in this group had various fears and concerns about retirement, including feelings of uselessness, isolation and boredom; health and financial worries; concerns about societal perceptions; and doubts about their ability to continue their leisure activities as before. On the other hand, white-collar employees in the same region faced their own set of challenges as they approached retirement. Many of them had developed a strong work ethic, leading to a sense of remorse over dedicating excessive time to work and neglecting leisure and family time. Despite the expectation that retirement would enhance their leisure activities, many lacked comprehensive retirement plans. However, they possessed valuable qualities such as effective time management, financial skills, engagement in sports and physical activities, adaptability, and resilience. The transition into retirement is a multifaceted and often intimidating process, and the role of leisure is essential in easing this transition. Failing to plan for leisure before retirement can have a significant impact on one's well-being during this phase. This study bridges a critical research gap, both in South Africa and on a global scale, by offering valuable insights to pre-retirees that can empower them to make more informed choices for a smoother transition into retirement. The impact of this research extends beyond the study participants, benefiting organisations in the public and private sectors by offering guidance on essential components of retirement planning. Moreover, it may prompt proactive individuals to recognise the significance of leisure prior to retirement, encouraging them to adjust their leisure habits accordingly. Ultimately, the study's findings provide important knowledge for pre-retirement decision-making and the development of interventions to support individuals in their retirement planning and adjustment.