Characterisation of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the Mozambique-to-Secunda gas pipeline

Abstract

Internationally all oil and gas extraction and processing operations are required by authorities to monitor and report on accumulation of naturally occurring radioactive material, NORM, and technically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material, TENORM (IOGP, 2016a). This is necessary because workers and the environment will be exposed to ionising radiation from TENORM during maintenance and operations when radioactive solid waste and liquid waste from these operations are to be disposed. Table below shows different radiological risks to the workers and members of the public. Comparison of radiological risks for this study with other countries ...