Factors contributing to gender disparities in academic achievement at a tertiary institution in Botswana

Abstract

This study seeks to explore the factors contributing to gender disparities in academic achievement among tertiary students at an educational institution in Botswana. While academic achievement among male and female students has garnered increased attention, limited research has focused on the tertiary level. Employing a transformative qualitative research approach, the study utilized in-depth interviews and documentary analysis for data collection. Thematic Content Analysis was employed for data analysis. Results indicated that, although male students outperformed female students in all subjects, the gender gap was not significantly pronounced. Factors affecting female students included biological aspects such as menstruation, mood swings, menstrual pain, and absenteeism, along with challenges related to unplanned pregnancies, psychological stress due to financial strain, and economic difficulties. The study recommends the implementation of an Intersectional Gender Mainstreaming Framework in higher education institutions to address gender gaps in academic achievement.