An implementation framework to facilitate a behavioural approach to domestic violence in South Africa

Abstract

This study addressed the pervasive issue of violence against women in the Republic of South Africa (RSA), particularly focusing on the psychological factors driving domestic violence perpetrators. While previous research has largely centred on female victims and the prevalence of domestic violence, there has been a significant gap in understanding the motivations behind the actions of perpetrators and the lack of a structured framework to address these behaviours. The study argues that the RSA government should take a more proactive role in not only enforcing existing legislation but also in addressing the root causes of domestic violence. The problem statement formulated for this research asserts that despite legislation aimed at curbing domestic violence, it remains widespread, and existing public policies do not effectively tackle the underlying behavioural issues associated with male perpetrators. An extensive literature review was conducted, beginning with an analysis of domestic violence and its various forms, followed by the establishment of a theoretical framework based on theories such as Culture of Violence, Social Learning, Family Systems, Feminist, and Patriarchy theories. Chapter 3 of this thesis delves into psychological theories explaining the violent behaviours of perpetrators, focusing on Cluster B personality disorders like Narcissistic, Borderline, Anti-Social, and Histrionic Personality Disorders. The study also established a statutory framework regarding domestic violence in the RSA. Chapter 4 reviews behavioural approaches to domestic violence, emphasizing models such as the Duluth Model, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Utilizing a qualitative research approach with descriptive, explanatory, and case study design, the study involved semi-structured interviews with counsellors from the Department of Social Development and NGOs working with domestic violence perpetrators. Participants were purposefully selected for their expertise and experience in this field. Key findings by the researcher revealed a significant link between specific personality disorders and violent behaviour, with many perpetrators originating from backgrounds characterized by violence. The study also indicated a lack of awareness among perpetrators regarding submission to attending of available intervention programs. In response to the gap in the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998, a proposed implementation framework for a behavioural approach to domestic violence was developed. The proposed behavioural implementation framework for domestic violence in RSA advocates for the involvement and rehabilitation of men who abuse women in intimate relationships. The proposed behavioural implementation framework identifies barriers as far as intimate partner violence is concerned and provides the effective and efficient solution thereof. Recommendations include amending the Domestic Violence Act to incorporate mandatory perpetrator intervention programs and criminalizing violent acts.