Towards regenerative edible urban landscape through permaculture: A spatial planning perspective

Abstract

With the global population increasing and urbanisation rates escalating, the challenge of food insecurity is growing, particularly in developing countries. This dissertation investigates the potential of permaculture as a planning tool to cultivate regenerative food systems within South African cities, and to combat the pressing challenge of urban food insecurity. In Paper 1, through a scoping review, the study assesses the existing academic landscape of permaculture, exploring its potential as a comprehensive and regenerative approach to food production. This method, grounded in principles of system regeneration and resilience, social empowerment, and sustainable food systems. In Paper 2, an empirical study employs a multiple-case study design, investigating four successful permaculture initiatives in South Africa. Spatial surveys and semi-structured interviews yield insights into the adaptability and transformative potential of permaculture within the complex urban environment. Key findings underscore permaculture's ability to address urban challenges through ecologically sound, socially inclusive, and economically viable food production. The study emphasises the need for tailored approaches based on local contexts and advocates for increased integration of permaculture principles within urban planning discourse. The dissertation highlights three core strategies for incorporating permaculture into urban planning: community engagement, physical design interventions, and adherence to permaculture ethics and principles. By engaging communities in the planning process, intervening at the physical design level, and aligning with permaculture values, urban planners can foster the development of food-sensitive urban systems. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on sustainable urban development by demonstrating permaculture's potential as a nature-based solution for food sovereignty. It underscores the importance of localised, community-driven approaches in addressing global challenges and calls for greater awareness and integration of permaculture within urban planning frameworks. Ultimately, this study offers practical insights and recommendations for leveraging permaculture as a transformative force in shaping resilient and regenerative urban food systems.