Spiervolumeverskille tussen Boesman-, Zoeloe- en Blanke Volwasse Mans

Abstract

During project Antsam (1986) and project Gladiator (1990) comparisons of absolute and proportional muscle volumes were made among European (young, n= 218; old, n= 88), Bushmen (n= 148) and Zulu (n= 156) national servicemen. Muscle volumes for the trunk, upper arm, forearm, thigh and calf, corrected for skinfolds and bone volumes, were calculated according to a formula describing a frustrum of right circular cone with two radii. Comparisons among the test-subjects were made using absolute profiles and proportionality profiles of z-values. Absolute and proportionality assessments were obtained using a phantom strategem. Significant differences (p < 0,05) among the subjects' results were determined through overlap of two standard errors as used in the phantom strategem. With regard to absolute muscle volume measurements for the trunk, upper arm, forearm, thigh and calf the results indicated that the European ( old) group had the biggest muscle volume, while the Bushmen had the smallest muscle volumes. With regard to proportional muscle volume the following results were obtained: FOF the trunk the Zulu had the biggest muscle volume, while the European ( old) group had the smallest muscle volume. For the upper arm the European ( old) group had the biggest muscle volume, while the Bushmen had the smallest volume. For the forearm the European (young) group had the biggest muscle volume, while the Bushmen had the smallest volume. For the thigh the Zulu had the biggest muscle volume, while the European (young) group had the smallest volume. For the calf the European (young) group had the biggest volume, while the Bushmen had the smallest volume. The muscle volume measurement that seemed to be the least affected and which had the fewest differences among the subjects was that of the calf.