Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether men and women differ with regard to aspects of psychological well-being. For the purposes of this study, a multi-cultural availability sample of 378 respondents completed 13 measuring instruments measuring psychological well-being in affective, physical, cognitive, spiritual, self and social aspects. Statistically significant gender differences, with small to medium practical effects were found. Men scored higher on physical self concept, automatic thoughts (positive), constructive thinking, cognitive flexibility, total self concept and fortitude. Women scored higher on the expression of affect, somatic symptoms and religious well-being. No significant gender differences were found on sense of coherence, satisfaction with life, affect balance, emotional intelligence, self efficacy, and the social components of self concept and of fortitude. The results are in line with gender stereotypes, traditional socialization practices and possibly reflect the impact of longstanding social inequity between men and women.