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    • PER: 2022 Volume 25
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    • PER: Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
    • PER: 2022 Volume 25
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    Beneficiary Fraud and Demand Guarantees

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    57 Beneficiary fraud.pdf (321.5Kb)
    Date
    2022
    Author
    Kelly-Louw, Michelle
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    Abstract
    It is settled in South African and English law that for the fraud exception to apply to demand guarantees or letters of credit the fraud must have been committed by the beneficiary (or his agent with the beneficiary's knowledge) and not by a third party. Even where the fraud relates to a forgery or materially fraudulent document, the fraud must have been committed by the beneficiary for the exception to apply. This is in contrast with American law, where the fraud relating to forgeries and materially fraudulent documents does not necessarily have to be committed by the beneficiary. This contribution considers the law in this regard in these three jurisdictions.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10394/41069
    http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2022/v25i0a14062
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    • PER: 2022 Volume 25 [68]

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