dc.contributor.author | Ware, L.J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Charlton, K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Schutte, A.E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cockeran, M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Naidoo, M. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-10-16T07:45:48Z | |
dc.date.available | 2017-10-16T07:45:48Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ware, L.J. et al. 2017. Associations between dietary salt, potassium and blood pressure in South African adults: WHO SAGE Wave 2 Salt & Tobacco. Nutrition metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, 27(9):784-791. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.017] | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0939-4753 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1590-3729 (Online) | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10394/25831 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939475317301382 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.06.017 | |
dc.description.abstract | Background & aims
In June 2016, South Africa implemented legislation mandating maximum sodium levels in a range of processed foods with a goal of reducing population salt intake and disease burden from hypertension. Our aim was to explore the relationship between salt and blood pressure (BP) in a subsample of the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 2 before implementation of legislation in South Africa.
Methods & results
Blood pressure (BP) was measured in triplicate (n = 2722; median age 56 years; 33% male) and 24-h urine collected in a nested subsample (n = 526) for sodium, potassium and creatinine analysis. Hypertension prevalence was 55% in older adults (50-plus years) and 28% in younger adults (18–49 years). Median salt intake (6.8 g/day) was higher in younger than older adults (8.6 g vs 6.1 g/day; p < 0.001), and in urban compared to rural populations (7.0 g vs 6.0 g/day; p = 0.033). Overall, 69% of participants had salt intakes above 5 g/day. Potassium intakes were generally low (median 35 mmol/day) with significantly lower intakes in rural areas and older adults. Overall, 91% of adults failed to meet the daily potassium recommendation of 90 mmol/d. Salt intakes above 5 g/day, and to a greater extent, a dietary sodium-to-potassium (Na:K) ratio above 2 mmol/mmol, were associated with significantly steeper regression slopes of BP with age.
Conclusion
These preliminary results indicate that high dietary Na:K ratio may lead to a greater increase in BP and hypertension risk with age. Interventions to increase potassium intakes alongside sodium reduction initiatives may be warranted | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
dc.subject | Hypertension | en_US |
dc.subject | Sodium | en_US |
dc.subject | Potassium | en_US |
dc.subject | Salt | en_US |
dc.subject | Aging | en_US |
dc.subject | Health policy | en_US |
dc.subject | Public health | en_US |
dc.subject | South Africa | en_US |
dc.title | Associations between dietary salt, potassium and blood pressure in South African adults: WHO SAGE Wave 2 Salt & Tobacco | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.contributor.researchID | 24398330 - Ware, Lisa Jayne | |
dc.contributor.researchID | 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth | |
dc.contributor.researchID | 21102007 - Cockeran, Marike | |