Die grondbeginsels vir die taak van die prediker : 'n vergelykende studie tussen die Pastorale briewe en die De Sacerdotio Boek 5 van Johannes Chrysostomus
Abstract
Die studie, “Die grondbeginsels vir die taak van die prediker - 'n Vergelykende studie tussen die
Pastorale briewe en die De Sacerdotio Boek 5 van Johannes Chrysostomus”, ondersoek die
beginsels vir die taak van die prediker soos wat dit onderskeidelik in die De Sacerdotio Boek 5
van Johannes Chrysostomus en die Pastorale briewe van Paulus uiteengesit word. Dit is die
hiptose van hierdie studie dat die beginsels vir die taak van die prediker soos in Chrysostomus
se De Sacerdotio Boek 5 uiteengesit is, van dié wat in die Pastorale briewe verduidelik word,
verskil.
Ten einde ‘n bevredigende gevolgtrekking te bereik, word daar gebruik gemaak van die
histories-grammaties hermeneutiese metode wat beide die semantiese ondesoek en die
historiese agtergrond in ag neem. In hierdie metode word sleutelwoorde en -temas
geïdentifiseer deur middel van ‘n gedagte struktuur-analise van beide die De Sacerdotio Boek 5
en die Pastorale briewe. Hierdie sleutelwoorde en -temas word ondersoek met die doel om
beginsels vir die taak van die prediker te formuleer soos dit vanuit die De Sacerdotio Boek 5 en
die Pastorale briewe na vore kom. Hierdie beginsels word met mekaar vergelyk met die doel om
ooreenkomste en/of verskille te identifiseer. Die historiese ontwikkeling in die magsbeskouing
van die kerk vanaf die 1ste tot die 4de/5de eeu n.C. word in ag geneem as ‘n moontlike verklaring
vir fokusverskuiwings en toepassings van die beginsels vir die taak van die prediker.
Kernbevindings van hierdie studie kan soos volg uiteen gesit word:
• Daar is ‘n oorvleueling, maar ook ‘n verskil in die titels wat deur Chrysosotomus en Paulus
gebruik word om na die prediking-amp te verwys. Die titel wat deur beide gebruik is, is
διδάσκαλος (leermeester / onderwyser). Chrysostomus maak ook gebruik van die titel
ἱερεύς (priester) wat nie in deur Paulus in die Pastorale briewe gebruik word nie, terwyl
Paulus weer op sy beurt gebruik maak van die titels διάκονος (diaken / dienskneg),
ἐπισκοπή (toesighouer), ἐπίσκοπος (toesighouer), εὐαγγελιστής (evangelis) en πρεσβύτερος
(ouderling) wat nie in Chrysostomus se De Sacerdotio Boek 5 voorkom nie.
• Beide Chrysostomus en Paulus wys daarop dat die prediking inspanning en harde werk
van die prediker vereis.
• Beide Chrysostomus en Paulus waarsku predikers teen die begeerte na lof en die applous
van mense en wys daarop dat hulle in die arbeid van prediking eerder na die eer van God
moet soek.
• Daar is ook aangetoon vanuit die historiese agtergrond dat die ἐπίσκοποι in die tyd van
Chrysostomus heersers oor biskopdomme was; daarteenoor het die ἐπίσκοποι in die tyd
ii
waarin Paulus die Pastorale briewe geskryf het, die funksie van “opsigters” oftewel
“toesighouers” oor die gemeente vervul.
Vanuit hierdie kernbevindings blyk dit dat die aanvanklike hipotese slegs gedeeltelik korrek was,
aangesien dit blyk dat daar by die De Sacerdotio Boek 5 en die Pastorale briewe nie net
verskille ten opsigte van die beginsels vir die taak van die prediker bestaan nie, maar verskeie
belangrike ooreenkomste is. Die verskille wat aangetoon is, is weens die historiese ontwikkeling
van die prediking-amp tussen die 1ste eeu n.C. en die 4de/5de eeu n.C. Die historiese
ontwikkeling getuig van ‘n toename in gesag en selfs in ‘n mate van magsug wat deel van die
predik-amp geword het, wat ‘n besliste negatiewe uitwerking op die prediking gehad het. Hierdie
ontwikkeling dien as ‘n tydige waarskuwing vir die hedendaagse praktyk van prediking en die
predik-amp.
The study, “The core principles for the task of the preacher: A compartitive study between the
Pastoral epistles and the De Sacerdotio Book 5 of John Chrysosotom”, researches the
principles for the task of the preacher as put forward by both the De Sacerdotio Book 5 of John
Chrysostom and the Pastoral epistles of Paul. It is the hypoteses of this study that the principles
for the task of the preacher as put forth in Chrysostom’s De Sacerdotio Book 5 differ from those
explained in the Pastoral epistles.
The historical-grammatical hermeneutical method, which will be used to study both the sematics
and the historical background, will be employed in order to come to a satisfying conclusion.
Using this method keywords and –themes will be identified by way of an analysis of the
structure of both the De Sacerdotio Book 5 and the Pastoral epistles. These keywords and –
themes are researched further with the purpose of formulation the principles of the task of the
preacher as it is seen in the De Sacerdotio Boek 5 and the Pastoral epistles. These principles
are compared with eachother in order to identify similarities and/or differences. The historical
development in the approach to power of the church from the 4th / 5th century A.D. is considered
as a possible explaination for the shift and application of the principles for the task of the
preacher.
Corefindings of this study can be formulated in the following manner:
• There are similarities, but also differences in the use of titles between Chrysostom and Paul
in reference to the office of preaching. The titel used by both is διδάσκαλος (teacher).
Chrysostom uses the title ἱερεύς (priest) which are not used by Paul in the Pastoral epistles,
while Paulus in turn makes use of the titles διάκονος (deacon / servant), ἐπισκοπή
(overseer), ἐπίσκοπος (overseer), εὐαγγελιστής (evangelist) and πρεσβύτερος (elder) which
do not occur in Chrysostom’s De Sacerdotio Book 5.
• Both Chrysostom and Paul points out that preaching requieres effort and hard work from
the preacher.
• Both Chrysostom and Paul warn preachers against the desire for praise and applause of
men and points out that their should rather desire the honor of God in the work in
preaching.
• It is showed from the historical background that the ἐπίσκοποι became rulers over
episcopates in the time of Chrysostom; on the other hand in the time that Paul wrote the
Pastoral epistle the ἐπίσκοποι fulfilled the function of “steward” or “overseers” over the
congregation.
It seems from these corefindings that the original hypoteses was only partly correct, seeing that
there are not only differences between the De Sacerdotio Boek 5 and the Pastoral epistles, but
also various important similarities. The differences which is pointed out, is due to the historical
development of the office of preaching between the 1st century A.D. and the 4th / 5th century A.D.
The historical development testifies of an increase in power and even to the degree of a lust for
power in the office of preaching, which had difinitive negative effects on preaching. This
development acts as a timely warning for the comtempory practice of preaching and the office
of preaching.
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