Hasnol, SabrinaNtwampe, Seteno K.O.Lim, Jun WeiWong, Chung YiinLam, Man Kee2020-05-142020-05-142020Hasnol, S. et al. 2020. Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid. Environmental science and pollution research, 27:24574-24581. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2]0944-13441614-7499 (Online)http://hdl.handle.net/10394/34639https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2The anaerobic decomposition of coconut endosperm waste (CEW), residue derived from cooking, has been insidiously spewing greenhouse gasses. Thus, the bioconversion of CEW via in situ fermentation by exo-microbes from commercial Rid-X and subsequent valorization by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was the primary objective of the current study to gain sustainable larval lipid and protein. Accordingly, various concentrations of exo-microbes were separately homogenized with CEW to perform fermentation amidst feeding to BSFL. It was found that 2.50% of exo-microbes was the threshold amount entailed to assuage competition between exo-microbes and BSFL for common nutrients. The presence of remnant nutrients exuded from the fermentation using 2.50% of exo-microbes was confirmed to promote BSFL growth measured as maximum larval weight gained and growth rate. Although the BSFL could accumulate the highest protein (16 mg/larva) upon feeding with CEW containing 2.50% of exo-microbes, more lipid (13 mg/larva) was stored in employing 0.10% of exo-microbes because of minimum loss to metabolic processes while prolonging the BSFL in its 5th instar stageenOrganic wasteHermetia illucensFermentationBiochemicalMixed microorganismsLarval substrateEntomoremediationArticle