Van der Walt, Johann L.2014-07-022014-07-022012Van der Walt, J.L. 2012. The meaning and uses of language test scores: an argument-based approach to validation. Journal for Language Teaching = Tydskrif vir Taalonderrig, 46(2):141-155. [http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication/langt]9258-252Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10394/10793In this article, I discuss how the quality of language tests can be determined by means of a validation process. In the past, the quality of language tests was often determined by examining their reliability, content validity and reflection of real-world tasks. There have also been attempts to define the language ability construct, but this has proved to be a divisive issue. Attempts at validation were often unsystematic and ad hoc, reflecting a "toolkit" approach. Recent work in validation suggests an argument-based approach, which focuses on both the interpretation and uses of test scores. One of the main proponents of this approach is Michael T. Kane. I outline and assess his approach to validation and discuss and evaluate the most common inferences in language testing, such as sampling, scoring, generalization, extrapolation, explanation and utilization/decision-making. This approach allows for a systematic approach to the evaluation of tests, but requires further refinement in language testing and assessment.enValidityvalidationargument-based approachtest interpretationtest usefulnesstest inferencesArticle