MAKGOTLA A SETSWANA: BATLHARO / BATLHWARE ka GABOBIDIWE ANNE LEKWENE (H.P.T.C.(Batswana), B.A.(Ed.), B.Ed. , B.A. Hons. (Unibo) E neetswe go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsa dikerii ya MAG I STER ART I UM 1111111 1111111111 11111 11111 11111 11111I IIII 11111 1111111 111111 060043503L North-West University mo Mafikeng Campus Library LEGORONG LA BONETETSHI JWA SETHO (LEFAPHA LA SETSWANA) KWA YUNIBESITHING YA BOKONE BOPHIRIMA MOSIMEGI RRE J.W.P. MASHIKE RARY IIENG CA 2014 -08- 0 6 NGWANAA TSE LE 1 9 9 7 (i) MAIKANO Ke ikana gore "MAKGOTLA A SETSWANA: BATLHARO / BATLHWARE" ke maiteko a me ka namana. Metswedi yotlhe e e dirisitsweng kgotsa gone go nopolwa, e boletswe mme e bile e neetswe ka botlalo mo lenaneong la yone kwa bokhutlong jwa tiro e. KANO LETLHA . ~Q. :. P.?:-.: . . !.9 .9.i .. DECLARATION I declare that "MAKGOTLA A SETSWANA: BATLHARO / BATLHWARE" is my own work and that all sources used or quoted have been acknowledged by means of complete references listed at the end of this work. SIGNATURE ~ --·· DATE 2,,Q_: . ..O ~. :. j .t.~ meoka > maoka mongana > mengana > mangana kgomo > dikgomo > magomo/maomo le lone ke kgotla > dikgotla > makgotla. Kgasa, M.(1988:44) o neela bokao jwa lone ka go re: "kgotla(di) felo fa kgosi le morafe ba reetsang mafoko le ditsheko teng; fa banna ba ka kokoanelang teng mme ba na le moeteledipele yo e Ieng mong wa kgotla. " Ee, go ntse jalo. Dikgotla tsa makgotla mangwe di agilwe ka matlhaku a mangana kgotsa a makgalo. Dingwe di agilwe ka matlapa e nne malapa a magolo a marako, a morafe otlhe o ka phuthaganelang ka fa gare ga one go ithera. 3 1 . 1 . 1 .4. Matumo, Z.I. (1993: 159) a re: "kgotla ... SING. OF dikgotla, originally an assembly of tribal elders, now a community or tribal meeting held at the ruler's residence; the place or enclosure Where the community assembles for any kind of business that is of importance to the community; the household (lineage) or family of a person." 1 . 1 . 1 . 5 E ntse e le ene, Matumo, ZI (1993: 158) o kaya fa lefoko kgotla e le lekaelagongwe la lefoko kgoro. " kgoro: SING. OF dikgoro, a gateway; a passage; an entrance; a ward(kgotla). Batswana bangwe ba dumelana le Matumo, Z.I. Nnete e e se nang bana ba phefo ke gore Motswana mo mererong ya setso, o dirisa lefoko kgoro jaaka le dirisiwa mo Thamageng ya boJesu ( 1972: 134 - Johane 10: 9): " Ke nna kgoro. Fa mongwe a tsena ka nna, o tlaa pholosiwa; o tlaa tsena, a tswa , e bile o tlaa bona mafulo." 4 Se, se raya gore tlhaloso ya ga Matumo, ZI e e thaletsweng mo go 1 .1 .1 .4, ke yone e e lebaneng le bokao jwa lefoko makgotla jaaka le dirisitswe mo setlhogong se se fa isong. Bana ba motho a le mongwe, gammogo le bana ba bone - bogolo ba basimane - ba bopa moratshwana o le mongwe, e ka tswa e le wa Batlhaping booThipe ka leina la rraabo e le Thipe kgotsa e le Batlhaping booMakwere ka leina la rraabo e le Makwere mme botlhe e le Balehe ka leina la ga rraagwe Thipe le Makwere e le Molehe. Ee, Batlhaping booMarumo le booMolehe ke bana ba motho gonne Molehe le Tau, yo e Ieng rraagwe Marumo, ke bana ba ga Phuduhudu mmogo. Ka jalo, ke Batlhaping ba ga Phuduhudu ba ba nnang le ba ga rrangwanaabo , Phuduhutswana, kwa Taung mo kgotleng ya Batlhaping ya Ba ga Phuduhutswana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Kgosi Morwagaabuse Mankurwane. Bana ba babedi ba, Phuduhudu le Phuduhutswana ke mawelana a ga Mamai ke ka moo botlhe e reng ba ipoka, ba digele ka Mamai. Leba sethalo se se latelang: 5 PHU UHUDU PHUDUHUTSWANA T I MARUMO THIPE MAKWERE Sethalo i: Kgotla yooMarumo. Fano go nopotswe ditlhogo fela. Makgotlana a Batlhaping a mantsintsi gonne Motswana o ne a olosa khiba, a sa itekanye morwalo. Makgotla a Batswana a na le dikgoro. Mo kgotleng ya Batlhaping ba ga Phuduhutswana kwa Taung , go na le rre Rantsuru , yo e Ieng kgoro ya booMarumo. Se se raya gore ga go na ope mo go booMarumo yo o ka tlhamalalelang kwa go Kgosi Mankurwane - kgosi ya ga Phuduhutswana - a ya go bega molato mongwe. Kgosi e mo raya fela e re: 11 Ya kwa kgorong ya gaeno o bege molato gone! 11 6 Motho yoo o tla boela kwa go rre Rantsuru a mmegele molato oo, e nne gone rre Rants.uru a yang go o begela kgosi. Ka mafoko a mangwe, ga go na sepe se se tswang kwa gooMarumo se ya kwa go Kgosi Mankurwane se sa feta ka rre Rantsuru, e bile ga go na sepe se se ka tswang kwa go Kgosi Mankurwane sa ya kwa gooMarumo se sa feta ka rre Ramatsuru. Ke ene Kgoro! Se, se netefatsa se se kaiwang ke Matumo, Z.I. le Thamaga ya boJesu mo dinopolong tse di mo go 1.1.5. tse di sa thalelwang. Dikgoro gantsi ke baikanngwi ba kgosi. Ga go tlhokege gore ba nkgisane losika nae fa fela a ba ikanya, ba ineela go mo tlhabanela, ba mo lwela, ba mo dibela, ba boloka diphiri tsa gagwe. Le molala fela wa lalalala, e ka nna kgoro ya bafaladi, fa fela kgosi e mo ikanya. Ee, go na le kgoro ya monneng, ke yone e tshwanetseng go amana le kgos i ka madi . E ka nna ngwana wa mongwe wa borrangwanaakgosi. Dikgoro tse, gammogo le dikgosana, di bopa banna ba lekgotla mme ba kopane le khuduthamaga go rera le go sekaseka ditsamorafe. Ga go thona go bitsa setlhotshwana sa batho ba ba mo tlhokomelong ya kgoro kgotsa yona karolo e setlhotshwana seo sa batho se nnang mo go yona, o re ke 7 kgoro . Go ntse jaaka The World Book Encyclopedia ( 1988 : 8 ) e bua e re: " ... a ward is a political division of a city ... so that it might be guarded more easily ... and to simplify (its) governance." Leba Setshwantsho se se latelang. Se neelwa jalo ke ba Lefapha la Ditirelo tsa Segosi mo Porofenseng ya Bokone Bophirima go baya bokao jwa kgotla le kgoro mo pepeneneng. Go tla utlwiwa go le gontsi ka pharologano e, mo patlisisong e. 0 BORANGWANAAKGOSI \ 5 . MET SANA YA DIKGOSANA KGORO . ' .. - :;~~~~~ .. ~~:.,~~:.... -- ~ ... .... ·--~":. •-·· . 1. KGOSI ~HUDUTHA1'1AGA~( Setshwantsho 1 Kgotla ya Setswana 9 1.1 .2. MATSENO: A e re ka jaanong tlhalosetso e tlositse ketsaetsego tebang le bokao jwa setlhogo sa tlhagiso e, go tsenwe ka tlhamalalo mo tirong, go batlisisiwe makgotla a a gone mo Batswaneng, a a kopanngwang ke Setswana e le puo ya l:rone e bile a dira ditiro tsa one Setswana. A e re ka tiro e, e le tiro e e ka robang tlou mokwatla, go e lekanya serota le go e fotlha senyoba re sa le mo masimong, go nopolwe Batlharo - kgotsa Batlhware jaaka bangwe ba ba bitsa - go salwe bone morago, ba tsharabololwe go fitlha fa go ka kgonegang gone. Makgotla a Setswana a tswa le Batswana kwa botswabatho le fa Masi bi, H. et. al. (1988:8) mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa "Ga Lowe" a re: " Not much is known about the origins of the Sotho people to whom the Batswana belong." 10 Ee, go kgatlhile Modimo go kgaoganya batho ba o ba tlhodileng e le batho ba le bangwe fela, ba bua puo e le nngwe fela: " Pele lefatshe lotlhe la bo le na le puo e le nngwe fela le mafoko a le · mangwe fela." (Beibele: 1972: 10-Genesi11:1) Modimo ka osi wa boa wa kgatlhega go tlhakatlhakanya puo e ya bone, gore ba nne le dipuo tse di farologaneng ba se ka ba tlhola ba utlwana ka puo. Modimo wa kgatlhega go phatlhalatsa batho ba ba one le lefatshe lotlhe: Ruri, botlhe ke morafe o le mongwe fela wa puo e le nngwe fela ... Tlaang a re fologeleng teng, re tlhaka- tlhakanye puo ya bone gore ba se ka ba utlwana ka puo. Morena a ba phatlalatsa ... a ba falaletse kwa dinageng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe ... " (Beibele: 1972: 10 - 11 = Genesi 11 :6-8) 11 Ka yone nako ea, Setswana le sane se ne sa tlholega. Ee, Batswana le fa ba na le makgotla a a farologaneng, ba tshwaragantswe ke puo ya bone - Setswana. Jaaka ditshaba tse dingwe, Batswana le bone ba ne ba phatlhalala le lefatshe mme ga tsalega ditengwana go ya ka mafelo a ba neng ba nna mmogo mo go one e bile e le bana ba motho; ga nna Batlharo ba bua Setlharo kwa ga Motlharo; Barolong ba bua Serolong kwa Morolong; Bakgatla ba bua Sekgatla kwa Kgatleng , jalo jalo . Pinagare mo makgotleng a Setswana, jaaka mo dit~habeng tse dingwe, ke yo mogolo mo losikeng. Ka gale, go salwa morago tatelano ya tsalo e bile go t lhokomelwa tibolalotha ya basimane mo lapeng. Se, se pakwa ke losika lwa ga Seme mo Beibeleng (1972: 11 ): " Ba losika lwa ga Seme ke ba: Ya re Seme a le dinyaga di le 100, a tsala Arephagasadi, . .. Ya re Seme a se na go tsala Arephagasadi, a phela dinyaga di le 500, a ntse a tsala bomorwa le bomorwadi. " ( Genesi 11 : 1 0 -11 ) 12 Ga go ree gore Motswana o latlha bana ba bangwe a setse tibolalotha morago. 0 a ba k-aya le fa a tlhotlha losika. Sekao sa se, se ka bonwa mo sethalong sa bana ba ga Mamai mo tsebeng ya bone ya tlhagiso e. Sekao se sengwe se ka bonwa mo Beibeleng(1972: 11 ): " Thara o ne a phedile dinyaga di le 70, fa a tsala Aborame le Nahore le Harane." (Genesi 11: 26) Ga se gore bana ba basetsana ba a kgathologwa, nnete ke gore ba a nyalwa mme ba ye go tsalela makgotla a mangwe kgotsa dit$haba tse dingwe bana, ba bope merafe, fa gongwe ba bope merafe e sele. 13 1.2 MATHATA A A TLHOTLHELEDITSENG PATLISISO YA SETLHOGO SE: Go na le mathata a le mantsi thata a a tlhotlheleditseng patlisiso ya setlhogo se. 1 .2.1 Batswana ba le bantsi ga ba ikitse. Go okola fela, Bessie Head (1981: 101) o neela sekao: " My tribe is the Bafurutshe. Bafurutshe and Batswana are both Setswana-speaking tribes and we are relatives in a way." Se se utlwisang botlhoko ke gore mafoko a a nopotsweng fa a, a ne a buiwa ke mme fela yo mogolo wa dingwaga tse di masomasupapedi; mme fela yo bana ba Batswana ba ka solofelang go bona khumo e kgolo V ka ga ditso tsa bone mo go ene; lelomathotse la setshaba sa Batswana - ga a ikitse. 1.2.2 Baditrhaba ka bontsi ba dirile ditlhotlhomiso ka ga Bantsho - Batswana le makgotla a bona ba akarediwa - mme fa o buisa metswedi eo, o fitlhela ba sa tepa tema mme e bile fa gongwe tse ba di kwadileng di 14 fosagetse ka mokgwa mongwe. Se, se pakwa ke Schapera , I. (1954: v) mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa Ditirafalo tsa merafe ya Batswana fa a re: " Batswana ka bontsi ba re dipolelo tse di boletsweng teng ga di a swetsa, gape di na le diphoso." 1.2.3 Magosi a Batswana a tshwere a a lwa; a itaana ka noga e utlwa, a jana ka meno bakeng sa bogosi. Se, se ka bakwa ke dintlha tse di latelang - ga go ree gore ke tsone fela: 1.2.3.1 Go sa ikitse jaaka go itshupile mo nopolong e e mo go 2.1 fa godimo; kgotsa gongwe le fa ba ikitse, go nna le ketsaetsego ka ga tatelano ya bone mo kgotleng. 1.2.3.2 Maburu le Maesemane ka nako ya puso ya bone mo Aferika, ba ne ba tlhoma ba tlhomolola magosi mo pusosemorafeng gore Bantsho ba tie ba laolege. Go ne go sa re sepe mo go bone gore a yo ba mo tlhomang ke yo o tshwanetseng go busa go ya ka dingwao tsa Bantsho baa, lefoko la bofelo e ne e le la bone. Vengroff, Richard (1977: 45 ) o paka jaana: 15 11 IN BOTSWANA, AN EFFORT IS CLEARLY BEING MADE TO BYPASS traditional political structures by creating district councils to perform the local political functions. 11 1.2.5. Kwa Bogwera le bojale dialogane di ya ga maotwanahunyela ka bontsi. Bangwe ba a phekeana, bangwe ba tsenwe. Mathata a, a ka ne a lerwe kana a tlholwa ke go sa ikitse kgotsa go sa itse tatelano ya makgotla le makgotlana a Setswana; e re le tire e dirilwe sentle, bana ba sirane ka ba sa nna ka tshwanelo. 1.3. MAIKAELELO A PATLISISO E: 1 .3.1. Diphitlhelelo tsa patlisiso e, di tla tswela Batswana ka bontsi mosola - bogolo thata Batlharo - gonne ba ba neng ba sa itse modi wa bone mo Batlharong ba tla simolola go o itse. 1.3.2. Makgotla a Batlharo a tla itse tatelano ya one mme dikgothakgothano - le tsa go lvitela bogosi ka ntlha ya botlhokakitso - di tla ngotlega kgotsa di fele gotlhelele. 16 1 .3 .3. Metswedi ya lephatana la Ditso tsa Batswana e tla okediwa ke patlisiso e. Molemomogolo ke gore se se ka bong se ne setlogetswe kwa ntle kana se fosagetse mo metsweding ya baditihaba , se tla bo se tladitswe kana se baakantswe mo patlisisong e. 1 .3.4 . Mebuso e meswa, e e seng ya kgatelelo e e itshupileng mo tsebeng ya bolesomenngwe le ya bolesomepedi mo ntlheng ya 2.3 .2. , e ikaelela go tshegetsa bogosi le go siamisa fa go fosagetseng tebang najo. Patlisiso e, e tla thusa go simega mebuso e. \._ :tfRY} 1.3.5. Patlisiso e, e tla baya mo tswaing gore a BAHUTE ke Batlharo kgotsa nnyaya. Se, se ka tlosa ketsaetsego mo Bahuteng ka ga kamano ya bone le Batlharo. Fae le Batlharo ba tla boelwa ke tlotlo ya bone mme ba ipela ka setso sa bone jaaka batho ba bangwe. Fa e se Batlharo , ba tla ipatlisisa gonne morafe o o se nang kwa o tswang kgotsa o se na lemorago, ga o ka ke wa nna le kwa o yang kgotsa jone bokamoso. 1 .3.6. Mathata a dikolo tsa Setswana a a umakilweng mo go 1.2.5. a tla fela mo Batlharong mme a fokotsege mo Batswaneng ka kakaretso ka ntlha ya diphitlhelelo tsa patlisiso e. 17 1 . 3. 7 Ba ba ntseng ba sa itse pharologano fa gare ga kgotla le kgoro mo mererong ya tsa pusosemorafe, ba tla e itse ka thuso ya patlisiso e. 1.4. MOKGWA WA GO TSAMAISA TIRO E: 1 .4.1. Setlhogo se se fa isong - le thulaganyo ya tiro go tswa kwa tshimologong - se itshupa fa se tshwanetswe ke mokgwa wa Sehisetori wa patlisiso. Mokgwa o, (is) a systematic and objective location, evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events. 11 (Cohen, L. and Manion, L.(1985:48) 1 .4.2. One mokgwa o wa Sehisetori, le fa o lebega o se na bosaense gonne ( it cannot depend, for instance, on direct observation or experimentation, ... 11 (Cohen, L. and Manion, L.: 1985: 47) o nepagetse gonne 18 (it) has still a significant role to play in education, a role that will enable us to use the past to understand and explain the present more satisfactorily and also enable us to make prediction about educational trends ... " { Cohen, L. & Manion, L.: (1985:53) } 1 .4.3. Go mo tswaing gore mokgwa o wa Sehisetori " ... must make use of reports that cannot be repeated. " { Cohen, L. & Manion, L. (1985:47) } gonne go se na diteko tse di ka dirwang go tlhomamisa gore ke nnete kgotla ya Batlharo e tswa mo kgotleng ya Bahurutshe. Ka jalo, 1.4.3.1. Go tla etelwa dilaeborari - jaaka ya Boset!haba ya Mmabatho , ya Yunibesithi ya Bokone bophirima), ya Akademi ya Setswana, ya motsemogolo wa Gauteng, jalo jalo - go buisa dikwalo (dingwe di tlhagelela mo ntlheng ya borataro fa tlase), dipegelo, makwalodikgang le dimakasini tse di buang ka ga setlhogo se se fa isong. 19 1 .4.3.2. Go tla etelwa ditheo tse di dirang dipatlisiso - jaaka H.S.R.C. , lephatana la dipatlisiso la Yunibesithi ya Bokone Bophirima, Lefapha la Tlhabololo ya Baagi, Lefapha la Ditirelo tsa Segosi , jalo jalo - go buisa dipegelo tse di amanang le setlhogo se se fa isong. 1 .4.3.3. Go tla etelwa ditheo tsa kgaso - jaaka sa B.B.C. le S.A.B.C. - go bona le go buisa se ba nang naso mabapi le setlhogo sa patlisiso e. 1 .4.4. Go tla dirisiwa le mokgwa wa go batlisisa wa seimphirikhale gore go tobanwe le mathata a a umakilweng mo ntlheng ya bobedi fa godimo, go leka go a hem a. Ee, " ... in empirical research, the hypotheses give direction and focus to data collection and analysis. It imposes a selection, a structure on what would otherwise be an overwhelming mass of information. " {Cohen, L. & Manion, L. (1985:52)} 20 Se, se raya gore go tla nna le dipotsotshediso le dipuisano le magosi le bagolwane ba morafe go netefatsa kitso e e kgobokantsweng ka go buisa se se kwadilweng jaaka go umakilwe mo go 1.4.3 fa godimo. 1 .4.4.1. ,• Ka thuso ya metswedi e e umakilweng mo go 1 .4.3. fa godimo go tla rulaganngwa papetlana ya dipotsotshediso mme di romelwe kwa banneng ba lekgotla ba makgotla a Setswana mo Aferika Borwa, Namibia le Botswana. Kitso e e tla kgobokanngwang ka mokgwa o, e tla thusa go arabela mathata a a tshwanetseng go rarabololwa ke patlisiso e. 1 .4.4.2. Go tla rulaganngwa papetlana ya dipotso mme go etelwe dikgosi le bagolo mo mafelong otlhe a go fitlhelwang Batlharo ba ikgobokantse mo go one jaaka kwa Kudumane, Disaneng, Lehurutshe, Mokala kwa Namibia, jalo jalo, mme ba tla bodiwa dipotso tseo - gammogo le tse di sa rulaganngwang - go ribolola se se batlisisiwang. 21 1.5 KGONEGO LE MAPAREGO A PATLISISO E: 1.5.1. KGONEGO: Go -a kgonega gore patlisiso e e ka dirwa gonne 1 .5 .1 .1 . Metswedi e gone e kitso e ka bonwang mo go yone mme le dilaeborari, Mafapha le ditheo tse di umakilweng di ka se gane ka kitso gonne ke le moithuti ke letlelesega go dira dipatlisiso. 1.5.1.2. Magosi, dikhuduthamaga, banna ba lekgotla ba gone baa kitso e ka bonwang mo go bone ka dipotsotshediso le dipuisano mme e bile fa ntho e e tutetseng e tamusiwa morago ga go phunngwa, ga e ka ke ya gana go tswa boladu. 1.5.2. MAPAREGO: Go na le mathata a a ka kgoreletsang katlego ya patlisiso e. Mangwe a mathatamagolo ke a: 22 1 .5.2.1. Batlharo ba phatlhaletse le dinaga tse di umakilweng mo go 1 .4.4. fa godimo. Ka jalo, go tla tlhokega madi a mantsi thata go tsamaya le dinaga tseo - madi a dipalamo, a marobalo, a dijo,jalo jalo - go kgobokanngwa kitso mo bathong jaaka go kailwe. 1.5.2.2. Bagolo ba tie ba kitlanye ditlhaa nako nngwe bogolo fa go buiwa ka ga sengwe se se ka ba losang jaaka tlhomagano ya makgotla gonne ka ntlha ya tatelano e, magosi mangwe a itaana ka noga e utlwa. Se, se raya gore bagolo bangwe ba ka gana ka nnete ba e itse gonne ba tshaba go gata batho bangwe menwana, e se re gongwe ba di gama ba sa di tlhapela ka ntlha ya nnete eo. Se, se ka dira gore tiro e, e se tepe tema, mme bothata jo bo umakilweng mo go 1 .2.2 fa godimo, bo se ke bo rarabololwe. 1.6 PHELETSO: Fa kitso e sena go kgobokanngwa, morogo o tla bo o tlhotshwa ditlhokwa; go tla be go bulwa lekuka thobola e thibogela tlhoa; mmoko o tla be o ya go fisiwa, mabele a tseelwa kwa difaleng. La bofelo, go tla be go ntshiwa dikakanyo ka ga tiriso ya kitso eo. 23 1.7 MOSOLA: Tiro e, ke ya ntlha ya mofuta wa yone e e itiretsweng ke mmatlisisi ka boene. Ee, go na le dipatlisiso dingwe tsa matswakwa tse di batlileng di tshwana nayo, tse e Ieng gore ke tsone di tlhodileng mangwe a mathata a a tlhotlheteditseng go dirwa ga yone , jaaka go boletswe mo ntlheng ya bobedi. Fa tiro e e sena go wediwa, e tla 1. 7 .1 oketsa metswedi ya ditso tsa Batswana, bogolo thata Batlharo. 1. 7 .2 thusa baithutaSetswana, bogolo thata ba dikholet's'he tsa thuto, diyunibesithi gammogo le babatlisisi kgotsa batlhotlhomisi. 1. 7 .3 s1mega ba ba batlang go itse tatelano ya makgotlana a Batlharo gammogo le makgotla a Setswana ka kakaretso. 1 . 7 .4 senola ta kgotlana ya Bahute e le nngwe ya makgotlana a Batlharo. 1 . 7 . 5 thusa baithuti ba thuto ya Ditiragalo go tlhaloganya Batswana mme bogolo jang Batlharo . Baithuti ba tla itse gore ba lebe ntlha efe ta batla go bona kgotla e e rileng ya Batlharo. 24 1.8. KGAOGANO YA DIKGAOLO: KGAOLO 1: 1 . 1 Setlhogo 1 .1 .1 Tlhalosetso 1 .1 .2 Matseno 1 .2 Mathata a a tlhotlheleditseng patlisiso e. 1 .3 Maikaelelo a patlisiso e. 1 .4 Mokgwa wa tsamaiso ya tiro e. 1 .5 Kgonego le Maparego a patlisiso e. 1 .6 Bokhutlo 1.7 Mosola KGAOLO 2: 2.1 Matseno 2.2 Lemorago la setlhogo 2.3 Se bakwadi ba bangwe ba se buang ka ga setlhogo se. 2.4 Dipotsotshediso le dipotso tsa dipuisano. 2.5 Bokhutlo 25 KGAOLO 3: 3.1 Matseno 3.2 Tiro tota e a neelwa: Kgotla ka kgotla go ya ka dipotsotshediso tse di boileng. 3.3 Bokhutlo KGAOLO 4: 4.1 Matseno 4.2 Tiro tota e a neelwa: Kgotla ka kgotla go ya ka dikarabo tsa dipuisano . 4.3 Bokhutlo KGAOLO 5: 5.1 Matseno 5 .2 Ditshwetso jaaka di tlhagisiwa ke kitso e e t lhagisitsweng mo kgaolong ya boraro le ya bone ka ga Batlharo. 5.3 Bokhutlo 26 KGAOLO 6: 6.1 Matseno 6.2 Khutswafatso 6.3 Ditshwetso ka ga Mathata a a latelang a a umakilweng mo kgaolong ya ntlha: 6.3.1 . Batswana ga ba ikitse. 6.3.2. Diphoso le tlhaelo ya tshedimosetso mo metsweding ka ga Batswana. 6.3.3. Go lwela bogosi ga magosi a Batswana. 6.3.4. A Bahute ke Batlharo / Batlhware? 6.3.5. Tatelano ya makgotla a Batswana le seabe sa yone kwa bogwera le bojale. 6.3.6. Leinatota la morafe o wa Batlharo / Batlhware ke lefe? 6.4 Dikatlanegiso 6.5 Bokhutlo 27 KGAOLO 7: 7 .1 Lenaneo la tlhaloso ya mafoko le dikhutshwafatso tse di dirisitsweng mo tirong e. 7 .2 Lenaneo la dimametlelelo 7 .3 Lerraneo la dithalo 7.4 Lenaneo la ditshwantsho 7 .5 Metswedi. P.O. Box 3114 MAFIKENG 8670 06 Tlhakole 1996 KGOSI ............................................ . Kgosi KOPO YA TETLA YA GO DIRA DIPATLISISO KA GA MAKGOTLA A SETSWANA: BATLHARO / BATLHWARE: Ke moithuti mo Yunibesithing ya Bokone Bophirima e e neng e bidiwa ya Bophuthatswana pele. Bona lekwalo le le netefatsang se, go tswa mo Yunibesithing, le tlameletswe ka fa morago. Dithuto tsa me di batla gore ke dire dipatlisiso ka ga Makgotla a Setswana, go totilwe kgotla ya Batlharo / Batlhware. 2 I ... -2- Ka ntlha ya tlhokego e, rra, ke kopa tetlelelo ya go dira dipatlisiso tse, mo kgotleng ya gago. Ke solofestsa gore fa rre a ka dumela, kitso e e tla kokoanngwang mo patlisisong e, e tla dirisediwa dithuto tse fela, e seng sepe gape se sele. Ke solofetsa gape gore fa Kgosi o ka dumela gore dipatlisiso tse di dirwe, maina a ba ba tla thusang ka patlisiso e, a tla umakiwa fa ba rata jalo. Fa ba sa batle go umakiwa, ammaaruri e tla nna phitlhela ya nama ya kgomo ya serotswana. Fa o ka dumela rra, maikaelelo ke go etela motse wa gago mo malatsing a a atla dumalanwang. Wa gago mo tirong GABOBIDIWE ANNE LEKWENE: MOTLHOTLHOMISI Ob · O~· 111h LETLHA •. University£ Bopnuthatswan°a Admissions Office Private Bag X2046 MMABATHO 8681 Republic of Bophuthatswana Telephone : (0140) 892111 Telex: 3072 BP Telex : (01 40) 25775 Telegram : UNIBO Ou , . eference~ --f,2.: gI TO WHOM IT MAY CONCE ,_ · • • LEKWENE Gabobidiwe (81/00303) • This as to certify that -··----·-·----···---··-·--------··---····----···•s a registered student of this University following a --~---- --------··-programme. Yours sincerely MISSIONS OFFICER NB: STRICTLY FOR: TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT : MEDICAL AID SCHEME .. : INSURANCE : STUDY PERMIT X : TAX : LETLHA D.t,TUM DATE .. ..... .......... . .... . P.O. Box 3114 MAFIKENG 2745 Mopitlwe 1996 Mogaetsho! KOPO YA GO ARABA DIPOTSO TSE DI LATELANG: 0 kopiwa ka t~weetswee go araba dipotsonyana tse di latelang qo thusa go kokoanya kitso ka ga makgotla a Setswana go kobilwe Batlharo / Batlhware. Ka thuso ya gago, Motswana - bogolo thata Motlharo / Motlhware - o ka tsoga a ikitse, a ipela ka seo a leng sone mrne a se ka a tloga a hupediwa a boa mediwa ke dit~haba tse dingwe. GAKOLOGELWA !!!: POPAPOPA EA IPOPAGANYETSA, PHATLAPHATLA EA IPHATLALALETSA !!! Fa go na le potso e o sa eletseng go e nraba, o se ka wa e araba, fela o itse gore moroto wa o esi ga o ele! A setshaba se tla nyelela OLE GONE? Malebo lesorne rnogaetsho! Wa gago mo tirong GABOBIDIWE ANNE LEKWENE: MOTLHOTLHOMISI LETLHA P.O. Box 3114 MAFIKENG 2745 Mopitlwe 1996 Mogaetsho! KOPO YA GO ARABA DIPOTSO TSE DI LATELANG: o kopiwa ka t~weetswee go araba dipotsonyana tse di latelang go thusa go kokoanya kitso ka ga makgotla a Setswana go kobilwe Batlharo / Batlhware. Ka thuso ya gago, Motswana - bogolo thata Motlharo / Motlhware - o ka tsoga a ikitse, a ipela ka seo a leng sone mme a se ka a tloga a hupediwa a boa mediwa ke dit~haba tse dingwe. GAKOLOGELWA !!!: POPAPOPA EA IPOPAGANYETSA, PHATLAPHATLA EA IPHATLALALETSA !!! Fa go na le potso e o sa eletseng go e araba, o se ka wa e araba, fela o itse gore moroto wa o esi ga o ele! A setshaba se tla nyelela OLE GONE? Malebo lesome mogaetsho! Wa gago mo tirong GABOBIDIWE ANNE LEKWENE: MOTLHOTLHOMISI LETLHA KAR.OLO YA A ARABA DIPOTSO TSE DI LATELANG: ELA TLHOKO: FA O SA BATLE GO BOLELWA GORE O THUSITSE KA TSHEDIMOSETSO, 0 SE KA WA KWALA LEINA LA GAGO. 1. Neela leina la gago le sefane: 2. Ao Rre kgotsa o mme? 3. o mokae? 4. O wa kgotla efe? 5 • Mo kgotleng eo, o wa kgoro efe? 6 • O nna mo motseng ofe ga jaana? 7. Kgosi ya motse o o nnang mo go one oo, ke mang? Neela leina la gagwe le sefane. 8. Fa o nna mo motsaneng, neela leina la one le la kgosana ya one ka botlalo. 2 I ... - 2 - 9 • 0 nna mo gare ga morafe ofe? 10. Moo nnang gone moo, molebeledi wa kgoro e o nnang mo go yone ke mang? 11. Mos i molodi wa morafe wa gaeno ke mang? 12. Metswe ya losika lwa gaga e fitlhelwa kae? 3 I ... - 3 - K.AR.OLO YA B ARABA KA GO BAYA LETSHWAO X FELA, MO GODIMO GA KARABO EE LENG YONE , (GO YA KA KAKANYO YA GAGO) MO GO TSE DI NEETSWENG: 1. A kgosi.e e busang motse o o nnang mo go one ga jaana, ke yone mong wa bogosi? !EE l NNYAYA GA KE ITS~ 2 . A kgosi e e busang motse o o nnang mo go one oo, e busa ka rraayone e nee le ene kqosi, a busa morafe oo? [EE I NNYAYA I GA KE ITsm 3. A fa kgosi e e busang motse o o nnang mo go one oo, e tlhokafala kgotsa e rola tiro ka ntlha ya bogolo kgotsa bokoa, go tshwanetse ga busa morwaayone? [E~---·1N NYAYA r --GA KE ITSJ 4. A go a tlhokega gore go nne le kgosi mo motseng o o nnang mo go one oo? E NNYAYA GA KE ITS• 5 . A kgotla e kgolo mo morafeng otlhe wa Batswana ke ya Bahurutshe? IEE I NNYAYA [ GA KE ITS:E1 6 . A mor~t s hwana wa Batlharo/ Batlhware, o tswa mo Bahuruts he nq? rEE -· 1- NNY~Y~ 1 --~~ KE ITS~ 7. A kgotla ya Baphadima ke yone e kgolo ka matsalo mo morafeng wa Batlharo/Batlhware? ~ 7-NNYAYA. T GA KE ITS:0. 4 / ••• - 4 - 8. A kwa tshirnologong, fa rnorafe o wa Batlharo/Batlhware o tlholega. o kile wa thibelela fa tlase ga setlhare sa Mot l hware? l'ElrrrrnYAYA I GA KE rTsEJ 9 . A rnorafe o wa Batlharo/ Batlhware o ipitsa ka leina la rnos i rnolodi wa one? IEE I NNYAYA T GA -·KE ITSEI 10 . A Bangotwane le bone ke Batlharo/Batlhware jaaka Batokwane? fii"TNNYAYA -[ GA KE ITSE] 5 / ••• - 5 - KAR.OLO YA C 1 . ~LHALOSA MAFOKO A A LATELANG: 1.1 Kqotla 1.2. Kqoro 1.3 Lowe 6 I ... - 6 - 2. Neela ditiro di le pedi tse di dirwang kwa kgotla rnrne di sa dirwe kwa kgorong le di le pedi tse di dirwang kwa kgorong r-nrne di sa dirwe kwa kgotla. DITIRO TSA KWA KGOTLA DITIRO TSA KWA KGORONG 2 . 1 ............................ 2.1 ......................... . 2.2 ............. .. .............. 2.2 ........................ . 7 I ... - 7 - KAR.C>LC> YA D 1 . -Bakeakopa le Bagomotso ke Batlharo/Batlhware. Bahute bone ke bakae? 2 . Neela mai na a ba t sad i b a gaga - o l e b ile tha t a tha t a ka fa qo barre - l e maina a batsadi ba bone, go fi tlhe l e l a fa o ka kgona ng gone. SEKAO: Nna ke Gabobidiwe. Ke morwadia Keapocwe le Ikobeng; Keapocwe ke morwa Otileng le Gabobidiwe; Otileng morwa Dikoko le Mmammeiki; Dikoko morwa Moipolai; Moipolai morwa Motshwaedi oo Modiboa a Mabeo a Gogomela a Morara a Tsh i pi Noto Morolong kwa Madithamaga kwa Taung. Wena? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • s / ... - 8 - 3. Fa o bua ka batsadi ba BooKeakopa, o ka re: BooKeakopa ba tsalwa ke Keakopa, ene a tsalwa ke Moamogwa, Moamogwa morwa __L otlhware, Lotlhware morwa Mosimanyane, Mosimanyane Morwa Motlhwareemang oo Maele. Neela batsadi ba Bahute ka mokgwa one oo . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . Ka gale fa mophato wa Batswana o bolola, o etelelwa pele ke Bahurutshe mme ba bangwe ba latelane go ya ka bogolo jwa makgotla a bone. Bolela gore ba latelana jang: ............................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 I ... - 9 - 5. Fa go bolola mophato wa Batlharo fela, le bone ba latelana go ya ka bogolo jwa makgotla a bone. Bolela gore ba etelelwa -ke kgotla efe pele mme yone e salwe morago ke efe. Neela tatelano eo ya makgotla a Batlharo/Batlhware go ya ka bogolo jwa one. MALEBO LESOME THOLO 1 1 1 PULA 1 1 MOLAPO O TLADIWA KE MELATSWANA 1 1 1 LE KA MOSOlll 28 KGAOLO YA BOBEDI SE BAKWADI BA SE BUANG KA GA SETLHOGO SA PATLISISO E, E BONG MAKGOTLA A SETSWANA: BATLHARO / BATLHWARE: 2.1 MATSENO: Mo kgaolong e, go tla itewa dikgang ka ga se bakwadi ba se buang ka ga setlhogo se se fa isong, ka kakaretso. 2 .1 .1 Go tla neelwa lemorago la setlhogo se, mme, mo go lone, go tla lejwa pharologano fa gare ga kgotla le kgoro jaaka bakwadi ba e neela. 2.1 .2 Go tla lejwa se bakwadi ba se buang ka ga thaego kgotsa tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana. 2.1 .3 Fa go sena go bonwa tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana, go tla batlwa se bakwadi ba se bolelang ka ga kgotla ya Batlharo / Batlhware, tshimologo le kgaogano ya yone ka makgotla le makgotlana go ya ka tatelano ya bogolo jwa one mme go gololwe tlou ka maroo. 32 Ka mafoko a mangwe, mo kgorong, o ka fitlhela batho ba makgotla a a farologaneng. Ee, mo kgotleng ya Batlhaping go ka nna le kgoro ya Bahurutshe, ya Batlharo le ya Barolong, jalo jalo. Se, se raya gore fa Mokgatla B goroga mo motseng wa Batlhaping mme a fitlhela go se na kgoro ya Bakgatla, o ka bewa mo kgorong nngwe le nngwe le fa e le ya Batlharo mme ga go ree gore o tla khutla go nna Mokgatla. 0 tla nna a itse gore kgotla ya gaabo e kwa Moruleng. Dinopolo tse tsa "The World Book Encyclopedia", gammogo le tlhaloso e e fa tlase ga tsone, di tlatsa se se kaiwang ke setshwantsho sa ntlha ( 1) sa KGOTLA YA SETSWANA, jaaka se tlhagelela mo tsebeng ya bosupa ya kgaolo ya ntlha ya tiro e. Breutz, P.L. ( 1989: 194) o na le bothata gonne o tla a ikganetsa. [ LEBA MAMETLELELO YA A. l Mo tsebeng ya lekgolomasomarobedirobedi, Breutz, o bolela fa "clans" e le " makgotla" mme mo mametlelelong ya A, o kaya fa "kgoro" e le "clan" mme "kgotla" e le yone "ward". 33 Go ya ka tlhaloso ya bakwadi ba ba umakilweng, bogolo thata mo tsebeng ya bone fa godimo fa, baPHADIMA, jaaka ba tlhagisiwa e le kgoro ya ntlha ke Breutz, P.L. mo mametlelelong ya A, ke kgotla e e nang le dikgoro tse pedi - ya booTswaana le ya boorraMothupi, ka fa tlase ga kgosana Tshwaana. Fa o leba kgoro ya ntlha mo go tse di umakilweng ke Breutz fa godimo fa, o fitlhela a bua ka booTswaana a re ba busiwa ke kgosana Tshwaana. 0 ipotsa gore a bathe ba ga ise booTshwaana ka molebeledi wa bone e le Tshwaana? A kgotsa ke phoso ya motlanyi fela e e dirileng gore mopeleto o farologane? Dikarabo tsa dipotsotshediso le dipuisano di tla sedimosa se. Fa re leba mametlelelo ya B, re bona bothata jo Breutz, P.L. (1989:235) a bo tshwereng jwa go tlhakatlhakanya tiriso ya mareo a mabedi a, kgotla le kgoro. Mo go yone o bua ka ga Bahurutshe. 0 boa gape a bua ka ga dikgoro boemong jwa makgotla. Kgosana ga e ke e busa kgoro, e busa kgotla mme dikgoro di nna le balebeledi, ba le bone ba bidiwang dikgoro,ba ka seesimane ba bidiwang "aldermen". Ka mafoko a mangwe, bagaMasiano ba a reng ba busiwa ke kgosana Rranoku, ba bina tsie, ba bolesome mo mametlelelong ya B, ke 34 kgotla ga se kgoro. Go ntse fela jalo le ka ba bangwe ba ba umakilweng mo mametlelelong eo ya B. Seele sa bofelo sa ga Breutz, P.L. (1989:235) jaaka se tlhagelela mo mametlelelong ya B, sa re: " The sub-divisions of dikgoro, i.e. makgotla, are not mentioned as they have no important role in tribal life." Sa ntlha, o fapaantse tiriso ya mareo a, dikgoro le makgotla gape. E kete ga a lemoge gore kgotla ke yone e kgolo, ke yone e e ka nnang le dikgoro tse di farologaneng. Mo kgorong , le fa lo le ba makgotla a a farologaneng, lo nna mmogo fela, bogolo kgoro eo e ka bidiwa ya baeng kgotsa ya bafaladi. Sa bobedi, le fa a ne a dirisitse mareo ao sentle, o sa ntse a fositse gonne "The World Book Encyclopedia" e tlhalositse fa dikgoro di le botlhokwa thata gonne di dira gore motse o busege o be o tlhokomelesege bonolo. Go ntse jalo le ka Batswana jaaka go senotswe ke setshwantsho 1 , sa Kgotla ya Setswana. 35 2.3 THAEGO KGOTSA TSHIMOLOGO YA MORAFE WA BATSWANA: 2.3.1 MATSENO: Pele ga re bua ka ga tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana a re utlwe gore bakwadi ba re morafe ke eng. Oxford (1989:253) e tlhalosa morafe jaana: " nation {noun} a large community of people most of whom have the same ancestors, language, history, and customs ... " Kgasa, M.L.A. le Tsonope, J. (1995:174) ba tlatsa ka go re: " morafe . . . me- . . . setlhopha sa batho ba ba buang puo e le nngwe kgotsa ba na le setso se le sengwe." Breutz, P.L. ( 1989:82) o dumelana le tlhaloso e e fa godimo e, a bo a tswelela ka go re: 36 " The individual tribes of a group of the Batswana originated from a parent tribe usually by sub-division of a chieftainship after a dispute about the succession. " Schwarz, Cathrine et.al. ( 1992: 11 63) o tlhalosa "tribe" e le a set of people theoretically of common descent; an aggregate of families, forming a community; ... " 2.3.2 TSHIMOLOGO YA MORAFE WA BATSWANA: A e re ka jaana re utlwile gore morafe ke eng, re utlwe gore bakwadi ba reng ka ga tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana. I NW - . J LIBRARYJ Masibi, H. et. al. ( 1988:8) a re: " Not much is known about the origins of the Sotho people to whom the Batswana belong." 37 BoMasibi le fa ba sa itse tshimologo ya morafe wa Basotho, se ba se itseng sentle ke gore Batswana ke Basotho. Weidemann, J.J.S. (1977:17) o tlatsa ka go re: " Although nothing definite is known about the origins of the Sotho-Tswana peoples, legend has it that they originated at a place ... north of the equator ... and entered South Africa in two series of migrations between 1300 and 1400. " Rathebe, S.L.L.(1979:4) o tlatsa boMasibi ka go re: " Bophuthatswana is inhabited by some 76 tribes of the Batswana, the Western sub-group of one of the main Bantu groups, the Sotho." Ngwabi, Bhebe (ed .) (1979:40) le ene o tlatsa ka go re: 38 " In Southern Africa there are very large sets of Sotho-speaking peoples. Among them are Tswana groups, sometimes called the Western Sotho." Cowley, J.W. (1985 :6) le ene o tlatsa ka go re : " The ancestors of the people who came to be classified as Tswana (or Sotho-Tswana) were the Bantu- speaking farmers who migrated into the Southern African Highveld from the fourth century A.D. " Reader's Digest (1988: 31 ) le yone e t latsa ka go re: (there were) IRON AGE IMPLEMENTS (that) were made by Sotho-Tswana-speaking people in the late 18th century ." 39 Omer-Cooper, J.D. (1966: 13) le ene o dumelana nabo ka go re: " ... the Sotho (are) divided into three main sub-groupings. The westernmost tribes are known as the Tswana (Bechuana); those of Transorangia and Basotholand as the Southern Sotho; and the tribes of central and northern Transvaal as the Northern Sotho. " Dart, Raymond A. jaaka a nopotswe ke Schapera, I. (ed.) (1959:23) o tlatsa ka go re merafe ya Bantsho e kgaogantswe ka ditlhopha mme mo go tsone go na le " . . . the Sotho peoples, such as the Southern Sotho of Basutoland, Northern Sotho of the Transvaal, and the Tswana of Bechuanaland. " 40 Schapera, I. (1953:9) o tlatsa ka go re: " The Tswana (BaTswana, sing. MoTswana) are one of the three major divisions into which ethnologists and linguists usually classify the Sotho group of Bantu-speaking people of central South Africa. 11 Van der Wateren, H. (1980: 1) le ene o tlatsa ka go re: " Die Tswana is een onderdeel van die Sothosprekende Bantoestamme in Suid - Afrika. 11 Lye, W.F. le Murray, C. (1980:12) ba tlatsa kakanyo e e fa isong ya gore Batswana ke Basotho, ka go re neela sethalo se se latelang: 41 South - eastern zone I Nguni Sotho Venda Tsonga I Northern Sotho Tswana Southern Sotho Sotho - Tswana Sethalo ii: TLHOLEGO YA MORAFE WA BATSWANA. Sebegi, A.M. (1993:1) ene o di pitikolola-jaana: " It was in that area (Magaliesberg range of hills) where the original Tswana - Sotho people were settled." Van Rensburg, Chris (1977:1) le ene o di pitikolola jaana: " The Tswana may be regarded as the parent group of the various Sotho tribal groups in South Africa, because both the Northern and 42 Southern Sotho have developed from the Tswana since the 18th century - the former from the Kgatla and the latter from the Kwena branches of the major Tswana tribal group. " Fa bakwadi bangwe ba re Batswana ba tswa mo Basothong mme bone ba re Basotho ba tswa mo Batswaneng, tota eng ke eng? Le fa bontsi jwa bakwadi bo dumelana gore Batswana ke Basotho, mme Chris van Rens burg le Sebegi , A.M. ba re Basotho ke Batswana, van Warmelo, N.J. ene mo kgobokanyong ya ga Hammond-Tooke, W.D. (1974:72) o farologana nabo. 0 bolela fa Motswana e le Motswana mme Mosotho e le Mosotho. 0 kaya se, ka mafoko a: " Even assertions that have practically become articles of faith, such as that the South Sotho are just a branch or offshoot of the Tswana (or vice versa), appear open to doubt. " 43 Go totobatsa pelaelo le go se dumelane le bontsi jo jwa bakwadi ka ga tlholego ya morafe wa Batswana, van Warmelo, N.J. gone mo kgobokanyong ya ga Hammond-Tooke, W.D. (1974:72) o botsa dipotso tse: " How is it that the homogeneous Sotho language group split in two in respect of - ame; - aka (mine) and - itse; - tseba (know), the first mentioned in Tswana (and remarkably enough, also in Nguni), the second in South and North Sotho? ... Is there a special connection between Tswana and Nguni? Rathebe, S.L.L. (1987:12) ene a re: " The history of the present state, however, follows a long path of development as archeological evidence places a tribal offshootof the Batswana tribe in the Magaliesberg - now roughly the border of the largest land mass and South Africa - as early as the fifth century. " 44 Mo nopolong e, Rathebe ga a tlhalose gore morafe o Batswana e neng e le karolwana ya one o, o ne o bidiwang. 0 tswelela ka go re: " The colourful history of the Batswana can be traced from 1822 when their peace loving existence was disrupted by the after effects of the Zulu king Shaka' s rise to power. " { Rathebe, S.l.L. 1987: 12) Se, se baya mo tswaing ketsaetsego ya ga Rathebe e e tlatsang ya boMasibi le Weidemann mo tshimologong ya 2.3.2 mo go yone kgaolo e ya bobedi. Ketsaetsego e yotlhe e, e tlhodilwe ke go bisa go kwalwa ga ditso tsa Batswana go tswa nabo kwa botswabatho. Jeppe, W.J.0.(1971 :1) fa a bua ka ga Batswana, ga a ba gokaganye le Basotho ka gope. 0 bua ka ga bone jaaka morafe o o ikemetseng ka boone jaaka merafe e mengwe, e bile o na le makgotla a a farologaneng jaaka Barolong, Batlhaping, jalo jalo. A re: 45 " Die algemeen aanvaarde opvatting is dat die Tswana oorspronklik afkomstig is uit die vestigingsgebied van die Bantoe naby die groat mere van Oos-Afrika ... " Go bontsha makgotla a Batswana - le mororo a sa a bitse jalo - Jeppe, W.J.O. (1971 :1) o tswelela ka go re: en dat die Tswana suidelike Afrika in drie migrasiegroepe binnegetrek het tussen 1300 en 1400. " Campbell, Alec et.al. (1983:39) le ene o tlatsa van Warmelo, N.J . le Jeppe, W.J.O. 0 bua ka ga Batswana e le morafe o o ikemetseng ka boone: " The Tswana trace their ancestry to around 1350 when they lived just west of present- day Johannesburg . . . " 46 Nopolo e le yone, jaaka tsa ba bangwe, e neela dikarabo tsa gore Batswana ba simologile kae, Ieng? Go araba dipotso tse, Omer-Cooper, J.D. (1966:14) o akgela ka go re: " The first migration may have entered Bechuanaland in the thirteenth century, and the ancestors of the present Tswana people were settled near their present habitat by about 1600 " Breutz, P.L. (1989: 1) o bua jaana ka ga tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana e le morafe ka boone, o sa gokagana ka gope le Basotho kgotsa Bapedi: fl The mythology of the Batswana is . . . (that the) place of their creation is the water hole of LOWE situated about 10 kilometer from MOCHUDI in Botswana. fl Snyman, J.W. et.al. (1990:89) o gatisa mafoko a ga Breutz, P.L. ka go re: " LOWE mythological ancestor of the Tswana ... " 47 Matumo, Z.I. (1993:215) ene a re: " Lowe . . . according to oral tradition, lowe is the cave or place from which the first man came. " Motho o ka ipotsa gore ka Breutz le Matumo ba dumelana gore LOWE ke lefelo, mme boSnyman bone ba re LOWE ke motho, tota eng ke eng? Re tla utlwa gore bathe bone ba reng ka dipuisano le dipotsotshediso. Beibele (1972:10 - Genesi 11 :1) e tepa tema ka go re: 11 Pele lefatshe lotlhe la bo le na le puo e le nngwefela le mafoko a le mangwefela. 11 Yone Beibele (1972:10-11 - Genesi 11 :6-a) e tswelela go bolela ka fa go tlileng ka gone gore go nne le meraferafe e e gone mo lefatsheng gompieno: 48 " Ruri, botlhe ke morafe o le mongwefela wa puo e le nngwefela ... Tlang a re fologeleng teng, re tlhakatlhakanye puo ya bone gore base ka ba utlwana ka puo. Morena a ba phatlhalatsa ... a ba falaletsa kwa dinageng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe ... " Ee, ka yone nako eo, gone kwa lebaleng lea la Babele, Setswana, puo ya ' Batswana le yone ya tlholega. Batswana, jaaka dit~haba tse dingwe, le bone ba phatlhalala le lefatshe mme ga tsalega ditengwana go ya ka mafelo a ba neng ba nna mmogo mo go one e bile e le bana ba motho; ga nna Barolong ba bua Serolong kwa Morolong; Bakgatla ba bua Sekgatla kwa Kgatleng; jalo jalo. Breutz, P.L. (1989:82) a re: " A large tribe is not always the more important historically ... " 49 Go gatisa se, Schapera, I. ( 1953:10) o nee la meratshwana e e bopang morafe wa Batswana jaana: [LEBA MAMETLELELO YA C.] Mo go yone mametlelelo e ya C, mongwe wa babuisi o lekile go tsenya makgotla a mokwadi o sa a umakang mo lenaneong leo, a tla a tlosa a (ene 'motlatsi') o sa a itseng, jaaka la Bididi kwa Waterberg. Tiro e, e tlatsa Schapera, I. (1954:v) fa a re: 11 Batswana ka bontsi ba re dipolelo tse di boletsweng teng ga di a swetsa, gape di na le diphoso. 11 Cowley, J.W. (1985:6) le ene o kokoantse a bo a rulaganya makgotla a o a bitsang a magolo a Batswana, a a baya go ya ka tulo ya one mo Bophuthatswana wa maloba. [LEBA MAMETLELELO YA D.] Ramoenyana, P. P. ( 1 991 : 1-8) le ene o kgobokantse a ba a dira lenaneo la makgotla a Batswana - le mororo a a tlhakantse le a Matebele - a a fitlhelwang mo Bophuthatswana wa maloba. [LEBA MAMETLELELO YA E. Schapera, I. (1953: 11) o arabela go tlhakanya makgotla a Batswana le a 50 Matebele, mo mametlelelong ya C, ka go re: " The people listed ... as "Eastern Tswana {b)" are in fact Transvaal Ndebele {i.e. Nguni) by origin, but they have so completely adopted the language and culture of the Tswana that they are nowadays usually classed as members of that group. " A mme yone e tie e latlhe moseselo e le wa yone? Puo e ya gagwe e, e sireletsa le Cowley, J.W. Ramoenyane, P.P. ene o itshireleditse ka setlhogo sa lenaneo la gagwe. Ga go na mo a umakileng gone gore o rulaganya lenaneo la makgotla a Batswana. 0 boletse di tloga gore o rulaganya makgotla a BAAGI ba Bophuthatswana go ya ka lotso lwa 2.3.3 GO TIMATIMELA GA DITSO TSA BATSWANA: Gore ditso tsa Batswana di bo di timatimetse jaana e bile gompieno e le ditlhamane / dinaane, go tlhodilwe ke go bisa go kwalwa ga tsone go tswa nabo kwa botswabatho ka di ne di fetisediwa kwa 51 baneng ka molomo. Van Warmelo, N.J. mo kgobokanyong ya ga Hammond-Tooke,W.D. ( 197 4:56) o gatisa se ka go re: " The African sources of history consist of the traditions, legends and tales handed down orally from generation to generation in each tribe. " Batswana go tswa kwa botswabatho ba ne ba sa itse go kwala kgotsa go buisa. Kitso eo, e tlile le batswakwa. Bokapi jwa moseja ke jone bo re lereditseng thuto e ya go buisa le go kwala. I. 1~1rt1'JVl#u1 y / ..... Fa bakapi ba ba goroga mono, ba fitlhile ba diiwa ke go ithuta puo ya baagi le go ruta baagi puo ya bokapi. E rile ba ntse ba tshwaragane le bothata jo, baitseditso ba nna ba ikela boyabatho. Ba tsamaya jalo ka ditaola ba sa di ruta bana. E rile bakapi ba ba sena go kgona go utlwa - ba tlhaloganya - go bua puo e ya baagi, le fa ba ne ba sa e bue sentle, ba tshwaragana le bothata jwa go leka go e kwala. Fa jaanong ba re ba batlisisa ka ga merafe ya Aferika , ba fitlhela ba di tlhaolela di bekerwe, go setse mabarebare, magatwegatwe a a 52 setseng le manotonyana a beng ba ditso. Ee, e ne ya nna magatwegatwe a bo 'ke lebetse' gonne e rile go goroga ga bokapi, tsela ya Bantsho ya go tshela le go neela bana kitso, ya phimolwa ke bokeresete, go direla bajaki, go nna makgoba, jalo jalo. Bantsho ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tshela ka iketlo, ba sa tlhole ba na le nako ya go dula le bana ba bone ba ba ruta ditaola pele ga ba ya badimong gonne seo se ne se bidiwa boheitane e bile ba tshwanetse go direla bajaki ba - batsadi ka bana ba bone - ka dinako tsotlhe. Mo kgobokanyong ya ga Hammond-Tooke, W.D. (1974:56), van Warmelo, , N.J. o gatisa (le fa e le niaja-a-itshutlha) ntlha ya tshenyego ya tsamaiso ya matshelo a bantsho. 0 gatelela ntlha ya gore le fa basweu ba bangwe ba lekile go kgobokanya kitso ka ga Bantsho, " it is well to remember that this also would represent but a fraction of the wealth of traditional lore which existed up to say 1810 - 20, before wars and famine laid waste to Bantu culture, and caused the premature death of the aged, who were the repositories of tradition. " 53 i, Go tlhoka kitso ya go buisa le go kwala ga Batswana, pele ga kgorogo ya Basweu mono, go dirile gore Batswana ba latlhegelwe ke khumo e e tebileng ka ga golo ba go tswang. Ke gone go dirileng gore ditso tsa Batswana di bo di sa itsiwe, di nnetse go fopholediwa jaana gonne e ka bo e ne e rile fa bajaki ba ba dirisa selala jalo, mongwe ene a tswelela ka go di baya mo sefaleng. Se se sa ntseng se gakologelwa ka ga makgotla a Batswana go ya ka bakwadi, ke se se bonwang mo mametlelelong ya C, D le E. Maikaelelomagolo a patlisiso e, ke go sekaseka Batlharo le makgotla a bone. A e re ka jaanong re utlwile gore bakwadi ba reng ka ga tshimologo ya morafe wa Batswana, ra ba ra bona makgotla a a farologaneng a a bopang morafe o wa Batswana, re tsene ka tlhamalalo mo go utlweng gore ba reng ka ga kgotla e ya Batlharo/Batlhware. 54 2.3.4. TSHIMOLOGO YA KGOTLA YA BATLHARO / BATLHWARE: Metswedi e e buang ka ga Batlharo / Batlhware e a otsaotsa, ga e motlele jaaka e e buang ka ga Batswana ka kakaretso. Breutz, P.L. (1989:196) o tlatsa se ka go re: " Very little information about the baTlharo can be found in literature. " , Le gale, lemme ga le bolae go bolaya lefifi; hube ga a tshwane le setlhe. Bakwadi ba ba ba umakilweng ba re Batlharo / Batlhware ba tswa mo Bahurutsheng ke ka moo ba anang tshwene mmogo ka ba tlholegile e le morafe o le mongwe fela. 55 2.3.4.1 KGOLAGANO YA BATLHARO / BATLHWARE LE BAHURUTSHE: Go araba potso ya gore kgotla e ya Batlharo / Batlhware e simologile kae, Toto Makgolokwe, jaaka a nopotswe ke Breutz, P.L. (1989:196) mo phetolelong ya gagwe (Breutz, P.L.) ya puo ya gagwe (Toto Makgolokwe), e setlhogo sa yone e Ieng " MAHOKO A BACWANA, 11 e a neng a e neela Barongwa ba lentswe la Modimo kwa Majeng ka la 20 . 04 . 1885 ka ga Batlharo, a re: 11 We can assure everybody that we are real baHURUTSHE. 11 Breutz, P.L. (1963:92) ene a re: 11 The baTLHARO are an off-shoot of the baHURUTSHE. The baTlharo broke away from the Hurutshe in the time of MOHURUTSHE (second) who had a son, MOTLHWARE, born between 1580 and 161 O." 56 Ka mafoko a, Breutz, P.L. o tlatsa a Beibele l1972:10 - Genesi 11:1-8) fa e kaya gore kwa tshimologong batho botlhe e ne e le morafe o le mongwe fela mme Modimo wa ba phatlhalaletsa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Re lemoga fa go diragetse jalo gore Motlhware, le balatedi ba gagwe, a tlogele Bahurutshe, bomorwaarraagwe, a falale, a aname, a name le lefatshe'. Gompieno Batlharo ba fitlhelwa ka bontsi kwa Postmansburg, Kudumane jaaka a ikadile, Disaneng mo Mafikeng, Karkubis kwa Botswana, Gobabis, Epukiro, Mokala le metsana e mengwe ya Namibia (South West Africa). Schapera, I. (1953: 15) le ene o tlatsa phatlhalalo e, le kgaogano ya merafe ka go re: " It was a constantly recurring feature in Tswana history for part of a tribe to secede under a discontented member of the ruling family and move away to a new locality. There, it would set up as an independent tribe under the chieftainship of its leader by whose name it generally came to be known. 57 2.3.4.2 LOTSO LWA BATLHARO / BATLHWARE: Breutz, P.L. (1963:92) o tsweletsa kgang ya tlholego ya Batlharo / Batlhware jaana: 11 The original name of the tribe is ba ga Motlhware, which later has been changed to baTlhware and baTlharo. However, it seems that Motlhware, the forefather of the ba ga Motlhware clan, had never , been a chief of the baTlharo. 11 Breutz, P.L. ( 1989: 190) o boa a gatisa ntlha ya gore Motlhware ga a ise a ke a buse Batlharo, ka mafoko a: 11 In Motlhware's time, the baTLHARO were not a tribe and their leader was not yet chief. The first chief of all baTLHARO was MAELE. Ene Ngaka Breutz, P.L. (1963:92), go gatisa tlholego ya Batlharo, le 58 go sa busiwe ke Motlhware ga bone, o nopotse B. Mogorosi fa a ne a re: " Various informants also mention that the Hurutshe refugees had their first camp under a Motlhware tree. The name of this tree and the chief from whom they broke away was then taken as the tribal name. " Motho o ka ipotsa gore go tlile jang gore leina le la ba ga Motlhware, le fetogakake jaaka Breutz a kaya mo tsebeng ya bosomamabedisupa ya yone kgaolo e ya bobedi ya tiro e? Ao! Go bisa go itse go a lomeletsa, go tshwana le botsenwa! Fa Batswana ba ne ba itse go kwala go tswa kwa ga Lowe, ba ka bo ba sa ya badimong ka ditaola! Fa o buisa mafoko a ga B. Mogorosi jaaka a no pots we ke Breutz, P. L. ( 1 963:92) fa godimo fa - bogolo thata a a thaletsweng - o ka ipotsa gore ke ka ntlha ya eng Batlharo e re ba sena go tlogela, ba ngala rraabomogolwagolwane Motlhware, ba bo ba tswelela go ipitsa ka leina la gagwe? A ke ka ntekwane o nkgang ga a nkge le tsa gagwe? 59 A kgotsa go fetolaka leina la bone jalo, e ne e le gone fa ba ne ba leka go tiketsa thwane mogatla? Ngaka Breutz, P.L. le Mogorosi, B. ba a ganetsana ka ga tlholego ya morafe wa Batlharo. Breutz a re Batlharo ba tlholegile ka go ngaola mo Bahurutsheng ka nako ya puso ya ga Mohurutshe wa bobedi mme Mogorosi, B. ene a re Batlharo ba ngaotse mo Bahurutsheng ka nako ya puso ya ga Motlhware. Tota eng ke eng? Breutz le Mogorosi ba dumelana ka dintlha tse pedi. Ya ntlha ke ya gore Batlharo ba tswa mo Bahurutsheng mme ya bobedi ke ya gore g , kete Motlhware ga a ise a ke a buse Batlharo. Mogorosi a re Batlharo ba ngaotse e le Bahurutshe ba ngaola mo go Motlhware. Se, se raya gore Motlhware o ne a busa Bahurutshe mme Batlharo ba mo tlogela foo, e le Mohurutshe, ba tswa ba ya go ipopela morafe wa Batlharo mme ga a bolele gore ba ne ba eteletswe pele ke mang. Breutz ene a re ba ne ba eteletswe pele ke Motlhware mme ga a ise a ke a ba buse. Wookey, A.J. (1929:40} o ganetsa Breutz le Mogorosi fa ba re Motlhware ga a ise a ke a buse Bagamotlhware /Batlharo ka go re: 60 " Motlhware a cwa le makau le basetsana bankana ba gagwe, mme ba tsamaela rure, ba cwa loco loa Bagamotlhware. " A fa motho - bogolo thata morwa kgosi - a tswa mo motseng , a tlogela ba ga gabo mme go nna le setlhotshwana se se dumelanang le tiro e ya gagwe se tsamaya nae, ga se ene moeteledipele wa sone? A moeteledipele yoo ga se kgosi ya setlhotshwana seo sa gagwe? A fa o itirela lotso lwa gago o itshimololela morafe wa gago, ga se wena komang-ka-nna? Go ya ka Wookey, A.J. mo nopolong e e fa godimo e, Motlhware ke ene mosimolodi wa morafe o wa Bagamotlhware, le leina la morafe o, le a paka gore batho ba, ga se ba ga Mohurutshe, rraagwe Motlhware, ke ba ga Motlhware ka sebele. Schapera, I. {1 953: 15) o gatisa mafoko a ga Woo key, A.J. ka no polo ya gagwe e e mo tsebeng ya bomasomamabedisupa ya kgaolo e ya bobedi. 0 bolela gore fa setlhotshwana sa batho se ngalela morafe wa sone wa t lholego, se a tswa, se ye gosele, mme koo se ipope, se nne morafe o o ikemetseng ka fa tlase ga puso ya moeteledipele wa 61 sone, se be se ipitse, se itsege ka lein; la kgosi eo ya ~one. Go lebega go diragetse jalo le ka ba ga Motlhware / Batlhware / Batlharo. Fa re sa ntse re re Breutz o tsaya tsela e le nngwe le Mogorosi, re mo utlwa, ene Ngaka Breutz, P.L. (1989:188), a tlhanogela Mogorosi mme a dumelana le Wookey le Schapera ka go re: " Chief Mohurutshe Second ... had a youngest son Motlhware, ... There is a probability that ... Motlhware, was the leader of this group and possibly the ' morena' of the 'mophato' which left the tribe. " 0 dirisa mafoko a a thaletsweng ao go bontsha fa a belaela. 0 tshameka ka mafoko - e bile o a tsentse mo ditsejwaneng - 'morena' le 'mophato', a tila go dirisa mafoko a o simolotseng a a dirisa, e bong 'chief' le 'group', go totobatsa pelaelo ya gagwe. Motlhaope tiriso ya lefoko le, 'morena' Breutz o e tsaya mo go Schapera, I. (1955:53) fa a ne a re: 62 " At the head of the whole tribe is the" At Chief {kgosi, morena). " Pelaelo e ya gagwe, ga e thuse sepe gonne o ne a botsa beng ba ditso mme ba mo naya dikarabo fela jaaka boMogorosi, Wookey le Schapera ba ne ba botsa mme ba newa dikarabo. Go leka go tlhapa diatla, Breutz, P.L. (1989:82): o ipata ka go re: " Authors who visited tribes in olden times usually got different nformation about chiefs. I received different information in 1936 to what I got in 1948 to 1956 when last informants on history died. " Motho o ka ipotsa gape gore kwelano e e mo nopolong ya ga Ngaka Breutz, P.L. (1963:92), fa a nopola Mogorosi, B., ya gore Batlharo ba ne ba thibelela fa tlase ga setlhare sa motlhware, e bo nene ba bidiwa Batlhware, a ke nnete? Se, se tla netefadiwa ka tshedimosetso e e tla bonwang ka dipotsotshediso le dipuisano. 63 Fa re sa ntse re re tema e wetse ka jaanong e kete Breutz, P.L. o tla ineela, marara a raraanela pele fa Selebogo, I.M. (1991 :1) a re: 11 The genealogy of the chiefs of the Batlharo indicates MAELE as the common ancestor and founder of all Batlharo tribes. 11 Selebogo jaanong o ganetsa Wookey le Breutz fa ba re mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo ke Motlhware. 0 dumelana le Mogorosi jaaka a nopotswe ke Breutz fa a re Batlharo ba ngaotse mo pusong ya ga Motlhware, a busa Bahurutshe. Mogorosi ga a re neela leina la moeteledipele wa Batlharo ka nako e ba neng ba ngaola ka yone. Jaanong go nna jaaka e kete Selebogo o tsweletsa puo e ya ga Mogorosi ka go re bolelela fa Maele e le ene mosimolodi wa moratshwana o wa Batlharo o bakwadi ba dumelanang ka gore o tswa mo Bahurutsheng. Tota nnete ke efe ka gore le ene Breutz o tla a ikganetsa? A e re ka re utlwile se bakwadi ba se boletseng ka ga thaego kana tshimologo ya morafe wa Batlharo, jaanong re tsenelele mo tirong ya 64 go utlwa gore bakwadi ba reng ka ga makgotla le makgotlana a morafe o go ya ka tatelano ya one ya tsalo. Breutz, P.L. {1989: 196) o setse a boletse gore ga go gontsi go bakwadi ba go kwadileng ka ga Batlharo. Fa re leba mametlelelo ya F, e e tswang mo go Breutz, (1963:38) , re fitlhela a simolola ka morafe wa Bahurutshe mme mo go one a khutla ka Motlhware. Go raya gore o dumelana le Mogorosi le Selebogo gore Motlhware ga a ise a ke a buse Batlharo. Fa re leba mametlelelo ya G, e e tswang mo go Selebogo, I.M. {1991 :15) jaaka a nopotse Silubane, re bona a simolola fela ka Maele jaaka mosimolodi le kgosi ya ntlha ya Batlharo jaaka a boletse. Fa o boa o leba mametlelelo ya H, e e tswang mo go Breutz, P.L. ( 1989: 191) o tla bona gore ga a ti hole a bua sepe ka Bahurutshe, o simolola fela ka Motlhware a bo a fologela kwa go Maele jaaka e kete Maele ke morwa Motlhware. Fano, jaanong o dumelana le Wookey gore mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo ke Motlhware. Tota Breutz o eme fa kae? 65 Breutz, P.L. (1963:92} o tswelela ka go re: " The names and relation of the first four chiefs of the baTlharo are uncertain. Many informants agree that MAE LE was their first chief. " Ga a tlhole a bua sea se kaileng mo mametlelelong ya H, a re go tswa mo go Motlhware, Batlharo ba busitswe ke Maele. 0 bua ka magosi mangwe a mane a go sa tlhomamisegeng gore ke bomang. Motho o ka ipotsa gore jaanong a reng ka Motlhware? A o mmalela mo boneng .' joo kgotsa jang? Breutz, P.L. (1989:190) o boa a itshireletsa ka go re: " In Motlhware's time, the baTLHARO were not a tribe and their leader was not yet chief. Ene Breutz, P.L. (1989: 190) o tswelela go dumelana le Mogorosi le Selebogo ka go re: 66 " The first chief of all baTLHARO was MAELE. His eldest son, PHADIMA, did not rule and under the regents the tribe split into three tribes. " Fa a sena go dumelana le Selebogo gore kgosi ya ntlha ya Batlharo ke Maele, Breutz, gape o farologana nae ka go re morafe wa Batlharo o kgaogane ka makgotla a mararo jaaka re utlwa mo nopolong e e fa godimo e. Selebogo ene a re makgotla a magolo a Batlharo a mane jaaka re bona ka maina a ban a ba ga Maele mo mametlelelong ya G. Fa a tempela Breutz, P.L. (1989: 190) o re neela mametlelelo ya I, mo a re bolelelang e bile a re supetsa makgotla a Batlharo a a fitlhelwang mo malatsing a gompieno. Fa re leba mametlelelo ya F ya gagwe ene Breutz, re fitlhela gape a dumelana le Selebogo ka makgotla a mane a magolo a Batlharo, e bong kgotla ya BAPHADIMA, BAKHIDI, BALOTLHARE / BALOTLHWARE LE BATOKWANE. 67 i, Selebogo, I. M . (1986:1) o gatisa tatelano e e umakwang ke Breutz fa godimo fa, ka go re: 11 The genealogy of the royal house of the Batlharo indicates PHADIMA, KHIDI, MOTLHWAREEMANG and TOKWANE as patrilineal descendants of MAELE. 11 Fa re leba mametlelelo ya I, re fitlhela Breutz a re neela makgotla a a Batlharo ka bone jwa one le fa ene a re a mararo. Re mo utlwa a bua ka Batlharo ba ga Toto kwa Batlharos, a ba bitsa ba ga Motlhware mme mo mametlelelong ya F, o ba bitsa ba ga Khidi. Mo mametlelong ya I, Breutz o bua gape ka BATLHARO - KWA - GAMORONA le baTLHARO ... kwa EPUKIRO, SW A/ Namibia jaaka e kete o lebetse gore o re boleletse fa Batlharo bao e le ba kgotla ya ga PHADIMA mme ba ba kwa Namibia ba ile le Moroni, morwa Kelokilwe, fa a ne a boa kwa Robin Island morago ga ntwa ya Langeberg ya 1897. Breutz, P.L. (1963:92) go tsweledisa makgotla le makgotlana a Batlharo, a re: 68 i, " Maele . . . is said to have had seven sons of which Phadime, Khidi (?), Motlhwareemang and Tokwane are still remembered. " [BONA MAMETLELELO YA Fl go bona makgotla le makgotlana a Batlharo a a kaiwang ke Breutz, go simolola ka ba ba mo nopolong e e fa godimo e - le fa a sa umaka losika lwa ga Phadima mo go yone. Fa o sena go buisa nopolo e e fa godimo e, o be o leba mametlelelo ya F, o ka ipotsa gore: 2.3.4.2.1 A bana ba bangwe ba bararo ba ga Maele ba ba sa gakologelweng bao, ba tlhokafetse ba sa le bannye kgotsa ba ne ba mo golela? 2.3.4.2.2 Fa bana bao ba tlhakafetse ba godile, a ba ne ba se na bana? 2.3.4.2.3 Fa e le gore ba ne ba na le bana, masalela kgotsa matlhogela a bone a kae? Ke bomang? A kgotsa ba ne ba swa botlhe ga bo ga bewa letlhaku? 69 2.3.4.2.4 Kwa Mokala, kwa Nami5ia, go na le kg~tla ya BAHUTE e go se nang ope yo o itseng modi wa yone, kwa ntle ga gore e ka nna Batlharo kgotsa Bahurutshe. A motlhaope kgotla e, ga se ya mongwe wa bana ba bararo bale ba ga Maele ba ba sa gakologelweng? 2.3.4.2.5 Kwa Loopeng kwa Kudumane, go na le Batlharo ba ga Ngotwane ba Selebogo, I.M , (1991 :4) a buang ka ga bone a re: 11 Their genealogical relationship to the Batlharo Boo Motlhware, Batlharo Boo , Lotlhware, Batlharo Boo Phadima cannot be traced in the available genealogies. 11 Breutz ene, mo mametlelelong ya F, o ba gokaganya le Bakhidi. A gongwe le bone ga se matlhogela a bana ba bararo bale ba ga Maele ba ba sa gakologelweng, e le gore ba ba umakiwang ba gokagane le Bakhidi bale, ke ba mareelelo jaaka bana ba teelelwa boramogoloabo? Fa re leba nopolo e e fa godimo e, ya ga Selebogo I.M ., re bona a 70 dumelana le se se mo mametlelelong ya I ya ga Breutz ka go bua ka Batlharo ba ga Motlhware le ba ga Lotlhware,boemong jwa ba ga Khidi le ba ga Lotlhware / Lotlhare. Tota eng ke eng? A re di tlogele fa, re tla utlwa tsa dipotsotshediso le tsa dipuisano. E a re go e latswa bobe e tloge e tswe bololo! 2.4 DIPOTSOTSHEDISO LE DIPOTSO TSA DIPUISANO: IL.161tq~ 2.4.1 Fa morago ga tsebe 27, go neetswe sekao sa dipotsotshediso t!l.t/ tla dirisiwang go kokoanya kitso e e tlhokwang ke patlisiso e. Fa godimo ga tsone go na le lekwalo la matlhagolatsela gammogo le lekwalo la kgosi e go tla dirwang dipatlisiso mo kgotleng ya yone. 2.4 .2 Dipotso tsa dipuisano tsone ga di kitla di rulaganngwa. Ba go tla buisanwang nabo ke bone ba tla laolang puisano ka kitso e ba tla e neelang. Motlhotlhomisi sa gag we e tla nna go utolola se mmuisiwa a sa se neeleng, motlhaope a leka go se tila kgotsa gongwe e le kgomo ya motete. 71 KGAOLO 3 NEELO YA TSHEDIMOSETSO JAAKA E KGOBOKANTSWE KA DIPOTSOTSHEDISO: 3.1 MATSENO:· Go etetswe Namibia, Botswana le Aferika Borwa ka bophara - kwa go nang le kgotla ya Batlharo/Batlhware gone - go phutha kitso e e latelang. Lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tla tsewa le le losi mme go neelwe kitso ka ga lone jaaka e kgobokantswe kwa metseng le metsaneng yotlhe e go fitlhelwang kgotla ya Batlharo/Batlhware mo go yone, go simololwa pele kwa kgosing. Kwa Namibia dipotsotshediso di neetswe ba~wa ba dingwaga tse di fa gare ga lesomerobedi le masomamabeditlhano (18-25), borre le bomme ba dingwaga tse di mo bogareng (26-40) gammogo le bagolo (41-) ba ba itseng go kwala. Mo Aferika Borwa di neetswe magosi, dikhuduthamaga le balekgotla ba one. Kwa Botswana kwa Karkubis ga di a dirisiwa gonne Batlharo/Batlhware ba ba fitlhelwang gone e le ba ba tswang mo Namibia e bile ba sa ntse ba na le kgolagano e kgolo nabo. Ke batho ba le bangwe fela. 72 3.2 NAMIBIA: 3.2.1 Lemorago: Kwa Namibia, Batswana, fa ba bapisiwa le merafe e mengwe ya gone, ba ka tlala seatla fela. Fa o latedisa tlholego ya bone moo, o fitlhela e le gore borraabomogologolwane ba tlholegile mo Aferika Borwa kgotsa Botswana mme ba falalela gone ka ntlha ya dintwa kgotsa go batla mafulo a manaana. Bontsi jwa Batswana kwa Namibia ke Batlharo/Batlhware. Kgosi ya Batswana bao botlhe e nngwe fela e bile le yone ke Motlharo/Motlhware. Batswana kwa Namibia ba fitlhelwa ka bontsi mo mafelong a: Mokala (Aminuis) , moo kgotlakgolo e Ieng gone, Mpikirwa (Epukiro), Mokganedi (Drim iopsis), Tsjaka le Khori(Khorridor Pos 13 & Pos 21 ). Mo metseng e, ba agile mmogo, ba mo tlase ga pusosemorafe - kgosi le dikgosana. Mo metsesetoropong e: Gobabis, Windhoek, Okahandja, Usakos, Arandas, Swakopmund, Grootfontein le Rundu le gone go na le Batswana mme ka e le ba ba tswang kwa metseng e e umakilweng fa godimo le e mengwe jaaka 73 Hukuis, Tukuis le Polasaneng, ba a itsane e bile ba gokagane le ba magae a bone kwa metseng le metsaneng e e umakilweng. Bone ba mo tlase ga masepala mme fa ba ya gae, ba mo tlase ga kgosi. Go na le ba bangwe ba le bone ba nnang mo metsesetoropong eo, ba ba sa gokaganang ka gope le ba metse kgotsa metsana e e kailweng. Ba itswela fela mo Aferika Borwa le kwa Botswana mme ba ile Namibia ka masimo. Jaaka go kailwe, Mokala (Aminuis) ke kwa kgotlakgolo e gona, kwa kgosing. Gantsi Kgosi Kgosiemang o kwa polaseng ya gagwe kgotsa kwa Windhoek (le fa ga jaana o dule mo dipoletiking). Ka ga jalo, motse o, o lebeletswe ke lekgotla. Metse le metsana e mengwe e na le badisa ba ba latelang: Mpikirwa (Epukiro) - Kgosana Motonane Khorri ( Khorridor) Pos 13 - Kgosana Motseng Pos 21 - Kgosana Nose Tsjaka : Kgosana B Bohitile Kgosana L Mokhatu Kgosana K Mokhatu Kgosana M Olebile Kgosana P Lebang Hukuis : Kgosana S Serogwe Tukuis : Kgosana Mokhatu Mogami 74 Balebeledi ba, ke ba biditse dikgosana gonne ga se balebeledi ba dikgoro mme jaaka dikgosana ke bone ba go lejwang kwa go bone mo metseng le metsana eo, bogolo thata ka e katologane e bile go ka tsaya kgosi sebaka se seleele pele ga a ka e etela go atlhola dikgetse le go tsaya ditshwetso ka ga dilo dingwe tse di tlhokang go direga ka bonako. Le gale, diphetogo di a tsena. Morago ga kgololesego jaana bas'wa ba batla diphetogo. Se se itumedisang ke gore kwa Namibia Batswana ba kitlane - ee, ga go na mokgoro o sa neleng. Batho ba, ba nna mmogo ka e le ba kgosi e le nngwe fela, ga go na tulo e go ka tweng mo go yone go dula Batlhaping, Bakgatla kgotsa Batlharo fela. Ga go na dikgoro ka metse le metsana e phatlhaletse mme e bile e se megolo thata. Go ituletswe fela. Fa go ne go tsamaisiwa dipotsotshediso go lemogilwe fa dikgosana e le barre ba bagolo mme tsa newa baitsegokwala (mo metseselegaeng le metsesetoropong) go di tlatsa. Ka Setswana se rutiwa mo dikolong dingwe fela, e bile se felela fela mo seemeng sa bone, go ne ga tlhokagala gore ba bangwe ba ikopele go di buisediwa pele ga ba ka di tlatsa. 75 Bangwe ba ne ba kopa go buisediwa potso ka potso ba tla ba araba e re ba fetsa ba di neele motlhotlhomis i ka yone nako eo. Ba bangwe bone ba ne ba di tseela gae, ba di tlatse mme ba di buse. Ba bangwe bone ba ne ba di tseela gae mme e bo e le gone fa ba etse ruri, ba se ke ba di buse. Tse di busitsweng di masomamatlhanopedi (52). Dikgosana le bagolo ba morafe gammogo le batwa ba bangwe ba thusitse thata ka tshedimosetso mo dipuisanong. A jaanong re weleng mo tirong ka re ikgonne/itshemile . 3.2.2 DIPOTSOTSHEDISO Dipotso tse, di arogantswe ka dikarolo di le nne mme karolo nngwe le nngwe e na le kitso e e e senkang. Seno se tla tlhalosiwa pele ga go neelwa kitso e e lebaneng karolo nngwe le nngwe. 3.2.2.1 KAROLO A Tshedimosetso e e batlwang ka dipotso tsa karolo e, ke e e latelang: 3 .2 .2 .1 .1 Magosi a Batlharo/Batlhare go ya ka makgotla a one. 3.2.2.1 .2 Mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo/Batlhware. 76 3.2.2.1 .3 Mafelo a Batlharo/Batlhware ba fitlhelwang ka bontsi mo go one go ya ka makgotla a bone. Go bona tshedimosetso e e neetsweng ke Batswana ba Namibia tebang le dipotso tse, a re lebeng Dithulaganyo a,b,c fa tlase fa, gammogo le tlhaloso e e di latelang: Thulaganyo a : Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware kwa Namibia Kgosi Letang Kgosiemang Kgosi Letang Constance Ga ke itse Kgosiemang 79% 15% 6% Thulaganyo b : Mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo/Batlhware. Mohurutshe Maele Ga ke itse 10% 2% 88% 77 Thulaganyo c Makgotla a Batlharo/Batlhware le mafelo a a fitlhelwang mo go one kwa Namibia Lefelo . Kgotla ya Batlharo Palo ya batho 1 . Epukiro Baphadima 8% Bakhidi 4% Balotlhare 8% Bahute 6% Bakeakopa 19% Bakeledi/Bakoledi/Bakweledi 4% 2. Mokala Balotlhare 6% Bahute 8% Bakeakopa 2% Basetlhatsela 2% 3. Gobabis Bakhidi 4% Bahute 4% Basetlhatsela 2% Batokwane 2% 4. Khorridor Bahute 2% (Pas 13 & Pas 21) Basetl hats el a 2% Batokwane 2% 5. Windhoek Bahute 4% Basuelele 2% 6. Walvis bay Balotlhare 2% 7. Tsjaka Bakeakopa 2% 8. Drimiopsis Bakeakopa 2% 9. Swakopmund Balotlhare 2% 10. Okahandja Ba ba sa itseng gore ke 4% Batlharo ba kgotla efe 78 Bontsi bo supa fa kgosi ya bone e le Kgosi Letang Kgosiemang. Bangwe, bogolo ba ba nnang kwa metsesetoropong ka ntlha ya ditiro ga ba mo itse sentle. Go bonala ba mo utlwetse mme ba ise ba ke ba mmone ka namana kgotsa ba dirisane nae gonne ba tla ba sutlha fa ba kwala leina la gagwe. Go na le bas'wa bangwe ba ba sa mo itseng gotlhelele. Ba, e ka nna ba ba tsaletsweng kwa metsesetoropong jaaka Walvisbay, Swakopmund le Okahandja mme ba ise ba nne le t¥hono ya go etela kwa magaeng jaaka Mokala, Epukiro le a mangwe. Go ya ka dipalopalo tsa Thulaganyo a. , mo bathong ba le masomamatlhanopedi ba ba busitseng dipotsotshediso , ba le masomamanenngwe ba re kgosi ya bone ke Kgosi Letang Kgosiemang. Ba le robedi ba re kgosi ya bone ke Kgosi Letang Constance Kgosiemang. Ga go re eel gore Constance e le leina la mosadi mme Letang e le la monna, e ka nna maina a mot ho a le esi jang. Ba le bararo bone ba tlhamaletse fela ba re ga ba itse kgosi ya bone. Ba, e ka nna ba¥wa ba metsesetoropo jaaka go kailwe mo temaneng e e fa godimo e. Se segolo se se senot sweng ke thulaganyo e, ke gore makgotla otlhe a Batlharo kwa Namibia a okamets w e ke kgosi e le nngwe fela. Thulaganyo b., e bontsha ka dipalopalo gore, mo go ba ba masomamatlhanopedi ba ba busitseng dipotsotshediso, ba le masomamanethataro ba kaya ka tlhamalalo 79 fa ba sa itse motho yo o simolotseng morafe o wa Batlharo, le e seng go mo utlwela. Ba le batlhano ba re morafe wa Batlharo o simolotswe ke Mohurutshe mme a le mongwe fela a re mosimolodi wa bone ke Maele. Se, se tla netefadiwa ke dipuisano le kgosi, dikgosana, bagolo ba morafe le baitseditso. Thulaganyo c., e supa fa go na le bangwe ba ba se nang kitso ka ga makgotla. Bangwe fa go buiwa ka ga kgotla ya ga Keakopa bone ba bua ka ga Bajakopa, Bajaakopa kgotsa Majakopa. Bangwe ba itse fela gore ke Batlharo mme ga ba itse gore ke ba makgotla afe. Mo lefelong la bosome mo thulaganyong e e fa isong, Okahandja, go na le ba le babedi ba ba sa itseng gore ke ba kgotla efe. Ba itse fela gore ke Batlharo. Se, se gatisa se se kailweng ka ga thulaganyo ya ntlha gore bana ba ba tsaletsweng kwa metsesetoropong ga ba ikitse sentle fa go buiwa ka ga tsa setso. Thulaganyo c., e baya gape mo tswaing gore ga go na lefelo le go ka tweng go nna kgotla e e rileng fela mo go lone kwa Namibia. Makgotla a Batlharo a tlhakatlhakane fela mo metseng e e farologaneng. 80 3.2.2.2 KAROLO B Tshedimosetso e e batlwang ka dipotso tsa karolo e, ke e e latelang: 3.2.2.2.1 • A magosi a a fitlhelwang mo karolong ya A fa godimo, ke a a tsetsweng kgotsa a a tlhophilweng? 3.2.2.2.2 Kgotla e kgolo mo makgotleng a Batswana ka kakaretso. 3.2.2.2.3. Kgotla e kgolo mo makgotleng a Batlharo. 3.2.2.2.4 Tlholego ya morafe wa Batlharo. 3.2.2.2.5 Kgolagano ya Bangotwane/Banotwane le Batlharo. Go araba potso ya 3.2.2.2.1 leba Thulaganyo d., ke e, ea latela: Thulaganyo d : A Kgosi Kgosiemang o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhophilwe? 0 tsetswe 0 tlhophilwe Ga ke itse 32% 12% 56% Thulaganyo e A kgotla e kgolo mo Batswaneng ke ya Bahurutshe? 81 Thulaganyo f A kgotla e kgolo ya Batlharo ke ya Baphadima? 11----'--6-~-:--------N-:-:-:_a_ __- +-___G_ \-:-~-:_s_e ___ll Thulaganyo g Tlholego ya Batlharo: A ba tswa mo Bahurutsheng? l-1-----:-:--------N-~_~a-~_a_ __- +-___G_ a_:-~-:-s_e ___ll 4 4 Thulaganyo h A Bangotwane/Banotwane le bone ke Batlharo? Fa o leba dithulaganyo tse di neetsweng fa godimo fa - d. go fitlha ka h. - o fitlhela e le gore bontsi jwa Batlharo kwa Namibia ga bo itse ditso sentle e sita le lemorago la kgosi ya bone tota. Ga ba itse sentle gore kgosi ke kgosi e e tsetsweng fa go rileng, morwaayo o ka e tlhatlhama mo bogosing fa go tulweng. 0 fitlhela e le gore ba ba dumelanang le ba ba ganetsang gore o tsetswe, b~ a kabakanya gonne ba tla ba sutlha pele ga ba nee la karabo ya bofelo. 82 Fa o leba thulaganyo f ., o bona gore bontsi bo dumelana le gore Baphadima ke yone kgotla e kgolo mo Batlharong botlhe. Fa mo go ya h., bontsi bo sa itse Bangotwane/Banotwane. Le gale, dipuisano di ka netefatsa kana tsa ganetsa dikarabo tse tsotlhe. 3.2.2.3. KAROLO C Dipotso tsa karolo e tsone, di ipatlela kitso ya tse di latelang fela: 3.2.2.3.1 Tlhaloso ya mareo a: Kgotla, Kgoro le lowe. 3.2.2.3.2 A go na le pharologano fa gare ga kgotla le kgoro? Ditlhaloso ga di dintsintsi. Leba dithulaganyo tse di latelang: Thulaganyo i Tlhaloso ya: kgotla ke Lesaka/lefelo la pitso Losika Morafe ka kakaretso Ga ke itse 27% 23% 9% 41 % 83 Kgoro ke Phatjha e go Losika Molebedi fela Bathe ba ba nnang Ga ke itse tsenwang ka e se kgosi mmogo ka fa tlase yona ga tiso e le nngwe . 6% 8% 25% 8% 53% ... Lowe ke Motho Lefelo Ga ke itse 20% 22% 58% 2.2.2.3.2 Pharologano fa gare ga kgotla le kgoro E gone Gae yo Ga ke itse 25% 2% 73% Fa o leba dithulaganyo tsa i., tsootharo, go boa gape go totobala gore Batlharo ba Namibia ba bantsi ga ba itse go le gontsi ka tsa setso, kgotsa ka tlhamalalo, tsamaiso ya pusosemorafe. Dipalopalo di supa fa bontsi _e le jo bo tlhamalalang fela bo kaya fa bo sa itse. Se se nametshang ke gore ga se tsho kwa ga Mochudi, manotonyana a a leka. 84 Tlhaloso ya Kgotla, Kgoro , le Lowe e tla e supa fa go arabile batho ba le masomamatlhanothataro , masomamatlhanotharo le masomamatlhanonne. Se, se dirilwe ke ka gore fa gongwe, motho a le esi o neela ditlhaloso tse pedi kgotsa go feta. 3.2.2.4 KAROLO D Karola e yona e batlisisa ka ga: 3.2.2.4.1 Kgolagano ya kgotla ya Bahute le Batlharo. 3.2.2.4.2 Losika lwa Bahute le makgotlana a mangwe a Batlharo. 3 .2.2.4.3 Tatelano ya makgotla a Setswana 3.2.2.4.4 Tatelano ya makgotlana a kgotla ya Batlharo. Tshedimosetso e e bonweng mo karolong e ke e: Thulaganyo j. : A Bahute ke Batlharo? Ee Nnyaya Ga ke itse II 38% 4% 58% II Dipalopalo mo thulaganyong e, di supa fa bontsi (58%) bo sa rate go ipofa. Ba tlhamalala fela ba re ga ba itse. Bang we bone (38 %) ba re go ntse jalo, Bahute 85 ke Batlharo fa ba bangwe(4 %) ba re Bahute ga se Batlharo. Thulaganyo k Losika lwa Bahute Ke a lo itse Ga go na Bahute Ga ke lo itse 2%. 4% 94% Fa o leba Thulaganyo k. , o bona sentle gore 4 % ya babotsolotswa ya re ga go na lotso lo lo bidiwang Bahute. Ba re kgotla e e ipitsang ya Bahute e, e tshwanetse go nyelediwa mme bathe ba yone ba busediwe mo kgotleng ya ga Lotlhare gonne ke ba ga Lotlhare. 94% yone e tlhamaletse fela ya re ga e itse losika lwa Bahute. 2 % , e bong Bahute ka sebele, e totobala fela e re e itse losika lwa Bahute. E lo neela jaana: I. Losika lwa Bahute Maamogwe (Hute) I Basekiseng I Mokhatu I Manche I Kakabe I Basekiseng 86 Mo losikeng lo, re bona Basekiseng jaaka rre, a neela maina a batsadi ba gagwe go fitlhelela kwa go Maamogwe yo a reng o ne a bidiwa Hute, yo morafe otlhe o o tsetsweng ke ene le bana ba gagwe, o ipitsang ka leina la gagwe. Se a sa se itseng ke gore, ene Hute(Maamogwe), o tsetswe ke mang. Fa se se ka nna mo mpaananeng, go·tla nna mo tswaing gore a Bahute ke Batlharo kgotsa nnyaya. Fa e le Batlharo, go tla bonala gore ke ba kgotla efe. Se, se ka netefadiwa kana sa ganediwa ke dipuisano. Thulaganyo I Makgotla a mangwe a Batlharo: ~ " Ba ba itseng makgotla a Ba ba sa a itseng Ba e seng Batlharo bone 27 % 52 % 21 % Go lemotshega go ya ka dipalopalo, gore bontsi - 52% - ke jo bo sa itseng gore bo wela mo kgotlaneng efe ya makgotlana a a bopang kgotla ya Batlharo. Ba bangwe ba bone ba kgona go bolela batsadi ba bone go fitlha mo losikeng lwa bobedi kgotsa boraro (a ipala le ene) fela , ba bo ba neela leina la kgotla. Ba ba lesomenngwe ke ba ba godisitsweng ke Batlharo mme e se Batlharo, bontsi ke ditlogolwana le ditlogolo tsa batlharo. Ba le lesomenne bone ba bolela fa ba itse gore ke ba kgotla efe. Ba ba lesomenne ba ba reng bone ba a ikitse ba ikaya jaana: 87 MANGWE A MAKGOTLA A BATLHARO/BATLHWARE A KWA NAMIBIA Fa tlase fa go laela maina a makgotla mangwe a Batlharo/Batlhware a a fitlhelwang kwa Namibia jaaka a nnetswe mo dipotsotshedisong. Mo kgotleng nngwe le nngwe go neetswe losi'ka lwa a le mongwe wa baneelakitso ka dipotsotshediso, yo o kaileng fa ene a ikitse. Losika lo simolola kwa tlase ka leina la moneelakitso, lo tlhatlogele kwa godimo lo neela maina a batsadi ka go latelana. Go neela sekao, Banini a re o tsetswe ke Gaekhutle, yo o tsetsweng ke Serogwe yo o tsetsweng ke Morwe yo e Ieng ene rraagwe Bahute botlhe. II . Ba kgotla ya Bahute Ma, mogwe(Hute) Morwe I Basekiseng Hute I Mokhatu Morwe Molhatu I I SerIo Manche Serogwe gwe I I Kakabe Gaekhutle Mol obane l . I Basl kiseng B amm Seatlanyane 88 Ill. Ba Kgotla ya Bakeakopa Keakopa Mokomele Molelekwa Moncho Molelekwa Mokaleng Monchwe Lotlhakwane Mokaleng Monchwe Phillip Tshimologo Boichwarelo 89 IV. Ba Kgotla ya Balotlhare Bareki Morwe Bareki Morwe Kgosiemang Morwe Onalenna Boichwarelo Motsaang \ Se lholoeng Letang Lala I Kelebileng Boichwarelo Kereng V. Ba Kgotla ya Bakhidi Makgolokwe Makgolokwe I I Toto Toto I I Robanyane Robanyane f I Pliemelo Phemelo G itumetswe s 1dihwang 90 VI. Ba Kgotla ya Baphadima Moroni Motshinka Gothusamang Batlhoane VII. Ba Kgotla ya Batokwane Kujane Makgotle Josefa Orateng Orateng 91 VII. Ba Kgotla ya Bakhiba Maele I - Motlhwareemang MoC manyane loJlhare M amogwe I Keakopa Mdsetlhatsela l .. Matswm Sh,uping I Ditake I Seretse I Disania I lautur I Dirk I Olebile Bontsi jwa makgotla a a neetsweng fa godimo fa , beng ba neela losika lwa bone go f itlha ka lwa bone, lwa botlhano kgotsa lwa borataro fela. Mokeakopa a le mongwe o neetse go fitlha ka lwa borobedi fa Mosetlhatsela ene a ile lolololo a bo a ya go fitlha kwa go Maele yo go dumelwang fa e le ene kgosi ya ntlha ya morafe wa Batlharo. 92 Thulaganyo m Tatelano ya makgotla a Setswana E gone. Kee: Gae yo Ga ke e itse Bahurutshe Batlhware Barolong Bangwato /2%/ 0% 96% Batawana . Bakwena Bahurutshe Bangwato Bakwena /2%/ Bangwaketse Bahurutshe Batlhware Bangwato Batlhaping /2%/ Barolong Batawane Bakwena Go ya ka dipalopalo tseo, 94% ya babotsolotswa ba tlhamaletse fela ba re bone ga ba itse gore makgotla a Batswana a latelana jang go ya ka bogolo jwa one. Ga go na ba ba reng tatelano ya makgotla, go ya ka bogolo jwa one ga e yo. 6% ya bofelo yone e neetse tatelano e e mo Thulaganyong m. fa godimo. Le gale, se, se ka tlhamaladiwa ka dipuisano . 93 Thulaganyo n : Tatelano ya makgotla a Batlharo _E gone. Kee: Gae yo Ga ke e itse Baphadima Bakhidi Balotlhare /1 9%/ - 67% Batokwane Baphadima Bakhidi Balotlhare Basuelele /4%/ Bakeakopa Baphokoje Baphadima Balotlhare Bakhidi Batokwane Bakeakopa /4%/ Basuelele Baphokoje Baphadima Bakhidi Batokwane Balotlhare /4%/ Bakeakopa Basuelele Barolong Batlharo Bakhidi Bajakopa Baphadima Batokwane Bagomotso /2% / 94 Gape re lemoga go ya ka dipalopalo t sa Thulaganyo n. gore bontsi - 67 % - bo kaya ka tlhamalalo fa bo sa itse gore makgotla a Batlharo a salana morago jang go ya ka bogole jwa one. Ga go na ope yo o ganelang gore tatelano yone e gone. Ba le 33 % bone ba neetse tatelano, jaaka ba e itse, mo thulaganyong e e fa isong. 3.3 Ditshwetso: 3.3 .1 Leswetsana ga le ke le lela fela le a bo le utlwile maswedi a magolo. Kgosi ya Batswana kwa Namibia ke Kgosi Letang Kgosiemang . Bontsintsi go ya ka Thulaganyo a., bo kaya jalo mme bonnyennye jo bo reng ga bo itse kgosi ya jone jo, bo a belaetsa. Se gone. Se ka batlwa se ka bonwa. Mosi ga o ke o tswa ka sekhurumelo fela pitsa e sa bele. Thulaganyo d. , e netefatsa pelaelo e. Le gale dipuisano di tla rarabolola mathata a mme di re bee mo seding. 3.3.2 Batswana ba Namibia ga ba itse mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo/Batlhware. 3.3.3 Batswana ba dutse fela kwa Namibia ga go na lefelo le go ka tweng ke la kgotla e e rileng. Se, se netefadiwa l Motho yo leina la gagwe le tlhagelelang fa godimo ga letshwo le, o tlhokafetse a sale monnye. > Motho yo leina la gagwe le tlhagelelang fa godimo ga letshwao le, ke ene a tsetseng yo leina la gagwe le tlhagelelang fa tlase ga letshwao le. Lenaneo la dimametlelelo: A: Pharologano fa gare ga Kgoro le Kgotla ya Setswana. B: Mangwe a makgotla a Bahurutshe. C: Makgotla a Batswana le Mafelo a a nnang mo go one. D: Makgotla a magolo a Batswana le mo aka fitlhelwang gone. E: Baagi ba Bophuthatswana go ya ka fotso wa bone. F: Genealogy of Batlharo chiefs and headmen. G: Dithito tsa Batlharo/Batlhware le ba losika la ga kgosi Sechogela: Baphadima kwa Gamorona. H: Magosi a Batlharo/Batlhware. I: Makgotla a Batlharo/Batlhware le magosi a one gammogo le mafelo a a nnang mo go one. 223 Lenaneo la dithalo: i: Kgotla yoo Marumo. ii: Tlholego ya morafe wa Batswana. iii: Losika lwa Bahute. iv: Losika lwa ga Dioka. v: Losika lwa bogosi jwa ga Phadima. vi: _ Losika lwa ga Moroni mo Gamorona. vii: Losika lwa ga Moroni kwa Gasekantiri. viii: Losika lwa ga Moroni lwa ga Makabe kwa Namibia. ix: Losika lwa ga Moroni (.Makgone) le Mmathari kwa Namibia. x: Dikutu tsa losika lwa ga Khidi. xi: Losika lwa Bakhidi kwa Gamotlhware. xii: Losika lwa booTokwane kwa Disaneng kwa gooMasibi. xiii: Losika lwa bogosi joo Tokwane a Lotlhare kwa Disaneng. xiv: Dikutu tsa kgotla ya Bahurutshe ba ga Motlhware. xv: Kgotla ya Baphadima. xvi: Kgotla ya Bakhidi. xvii: Kgotla ya ga Motlhwareemang (Lotlhare). xviii: Kgotla ya ga Keledi. xix: Kgotla ya Bahute. 224 lenaneo la Makgotla a a fitlhelwang kwa Namibia: I. losika lwa Bahute II. Ba kgotla ya Bahute Ill. Ba kgotla ya Bakeakona IV. Ba kgotla ya Balotlhare V. Ba kgotla ya Bakhidi VI. Ba kgotla ya Baphadima VII. Ba kgotla ya Batokwane VIII. Ba kgotla ya Bakhiba Setshwantsho 1: Kgotla ya Setswana. lenaneo la dithulagano: a: Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware kwa Namibia. b: Mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo/Batlhware. c: Makgotla a Batlharo/Batlhware le mafelo a a fitlhelwang mo go one kwa Namibia. d: A kgosi Kgosiemang o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhophilwe? e: A kgotla e kgolo mo Batswaneng ke ya Bahurutshe? f: A kgotla e kgolo ya Batlharo ke ya Baphadima? 225 g: Tlholego ya Batlharo: A ba tswa mo Bahurutsheng? h: A Bangotwane/Banotwane le bone ke Batlharo? i: Tlhaloso ya Batswana ba Namibia ya: kgotla kgoro lowe j: A Bahute ke Batlharo? k: Losika lwa Bahute. I: Makgotla a mangwe a Batlharo. m: Tatelano ya makgotla a Batlharo. n: Tatelano ya makgotla a Batlharo. o: (i) Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware ba ga Phadima. (ii) Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware ba ga Khidi. (iii) Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware ba ga Lotlhare. (iv) Kgosi ya Batlharo/Batlhware ba ga Tokwane. p: Mosimolodi wa morafe wa Batlharo/Batlhware. q: Makgotla a Batlharo/Batlhw_are le mafelo a a fitlhelwang mo go one go ya ka tatelano ya one ya bogolo. r (i) A Kgosi Sephiri Dioka o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhaphilwe? (ii) A Kgosi Kgangyamotse Toto o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhophilwe? (iii) A Kgosi Setlogile Kemokotlile o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhophilwe? (iv) A Kgosi Tshoganyetso Masibi o tsetswe kgotsa o tlhophilwe? 226 s: A kgotla e kgolo mo Batswaneng ke ya Bahurutshe? t: A kgotla e kgolo ya Batlharo ke Baphadima? u: Tlholego ya Batlharo: A ba tswa mo Bahurutsheng? v: A Bangotwane/Banotwane le bone ke Batlharo? w: Tlhaloso ya Batswana ba Aferika Borwa ya: Kgotla Kgoro Lowe x: Pharologano fa gare ga kgotla le kgoro. y: A Bahute ke Batlharo/Batlhware? z: Losika lwa Bahute. ·' aa: Tatelano ya makgotla a Setswana. bb : Tatelano ya makgotlana a kgotla ya Batlharo/Batlhware. ,;1 I !:! ;.11 I ·1\ MAMI \1 I ------- E-T-LELELO YA a ------------------------- ·1;' I I :I ,, I 11' • \,\'\ :\ ,, :1 :1, ·\\(' ,I : ,,1 \ ,; ,,/ \\ !\\ : The politic al sy ,stem \: is the same as in other TSWANA bes . The tribe is comp6sed of the following clans/dikg6r6, I ted in order of rank (1960): I . I :1 {GORO KGQSANA/'.HEADMAN TOTEM/SEA NO 3akgosing Tshwene(Baboon) '1ankwe do . 1aalaphathe Mawele do . ; 1ol wan a Motrupi do . ;ebil6 Tse.re do . :eswaana R r a·mo kg o•,it u do . ooMmifi Letµ.ole · do . ooNong Pogis6 do . ooLekgeth6 Nketsho ,•:, ; do . agaMasiano Rranoku ii\ Tsie(Locust) ,! I' sub-di vis ions of the di,k r.:; 6r6 , i . e . makgotla, are not men= ed as they have no impoit~rt1role 1n tribal life . MAM 'S TLELELO YA C ------------------ "\VESTERN TSWANA : 2-.tv·µ · Tlhaping l Phuduhutsvvana u--£. Taungs, Vryburg, Barldy: "'0'cst ~~ Ma id i O 1 ~1.,µv~ "': C. Tau n gs V~v\A- Ro long"-. , ~ -~ V rv--1,J"J · Rratlhu - T . Lichtcnbnrg; C. Mafcking, Vryburg Tshidi C. Mafcking; P. Lobatsi __ ,\,.., 1 Seleka 0. Thaba Nchu; P. Francistown-i~''--'-"" /, 'l. Q\.. I~{apulana T . Lichtenburg; C. Mafcking (\J ~ ~sung_ T. Lichtenburg Kaa P. l\fochudi, Ngwato, I(weneng ,,,--~-I(ubung T. Ventersdorp V Hurutshe Manyana P . Ngwakctsi; T. l\farico l\fokllubidu P . I{wencng; T. Marica G6pane T . Marica , 11oilwa T . Marica I{hurutshe µ\ P. Francis town , Tlharo -~rv-:/)} C. Mafcking, Vryburg, Kurumu.11 <.;-Nogeng T . Lichtenburg Kwena P. Kwencng Ngwaketse P. Ngwakctsi Ngwato P. Ngwato Tawana P. Ngamiland EASTERN Tsw AN A : (a) l(wena Fokeng T . Rustenburg, Vcntersdorp Mog6pa T. Pretoria, Rustenburg, Vcntersdorp l\1manamela T. Rustenburg il\fodimosana 'vrv T . Rustenburg Mmatau ),\1;_J..,~ T. Rustenburg Matlaku T . Rustcnburg Phalane T . Rustenlrnrg, Marica 7' ~-Tlhalerwa T. Rustcnburg Phiring T. Rustenburg ·Taung T. Rustenburg I(gatla Mosetlha T. Pretoria I(gafela P . Mochudi; T. Rustenhurg Mmanaana P. I: lein_ian Scchog I o G a 1 o a k a :1 i; • . e ----I/ , II Ti1 ~! ,H;:; 1 h a . , :-• . , id di ~ ~ :._. Ho;-o:, 1 1 · 1-A Modise Moroni Hokgot~. i. E:il( en . ' ' \ LE BA LESIKA LA GI\ KGOSI SETSliOGELJ\: BAPHAlJHi/\ K\'1/\ UAl·'.Ol-Wll,·, !Jl'i' l!l'l'HU 'l'SA 13ATLHAR0 / 8/~TLIIUARE ------ ·--- · --- HOTLHWARE I I M EL E ~ Phadima III NGWAI SA NE 11 MOTLHWAREHANG II TOKWANE LOTL~WARE I I Tshoa ne IV KHIOI Seak•a na t I Horwe ? I M6simane V HOSIHANYANE I I I LOTLHWARE ? VI MOKGOTHU HAMPE I I I HOHOLONYANE i " ,._ .... ( N o • 9 7 ) VI HUITSI VII "IOAHOGWA I I V I I MA TS HA 8 EL EL E IV HAGOLOTSANA Meroe I VIII HORWE I I l VI l l HA K G O L OK W E V HABILO HPOKWE IX HONGWAKETSE · X HOKGABONE I I N o • 9 9 IX TO"' TWE" S e t h s o h e l o XI BAREKI VI HOETI I I 1 VI I MA S I 8 I c""' -- ::"=- · ,;; ~ -~---~ :~~~□ ~! ~ w[ _ --A~L -r 1 I_ __ J[I ~~~~,~:;t:t}A~~)sI B l S e b o1g ~ .s i X ~ {r-E··; ~~ -_ Robanyane Molobane XIII BAREKIBAREKI XV KEMOTLOGILE J ~-~ I Jo hln Phemelo X ROBANYANE XI BOGOSING XVI BUTI BAREKI BUT! I XII SEBOGODI I I HOGAKOLODI XI HORALADI CHARLES XVII KEHOTLOKILE BERNARD . S.W .AFRICA BATLHAROS N0.88 TSHOWE/Heuningvliei No.101 DISANENG DIKE ING DINOPENG No.97 No.129 (Skynfontein/ Holmpy) GA HO RONA No. 98 No. 9 9 MAGOSI A -B-A-TL-H-A-R-O- -/B-a-T-H-H-W-A-R-E- UNIT 'Tribal Auth ority • 0 e p • He :a d ma n POPULATION OISTRlCI I· ,A /I I :, 88 BATLHARO-BAGA-HOTLH~ARE TO TO : -' BATLHAROS KURUKAN KUDU HANE I It"' I I:;,?; I Itri I I> If Trib .Aut h. 1 1978 39 100 I I I I;;<: \ I I I I c;, MAREHANE do . do- I 12:: I IC ( 8 ~) do. dep.Hdm .; I I :i> I Ii-:; 11"1 I It"' (90) do. do . KHUIS GORDON IA do. I IM J l:i:,. I It"' I I I lo 11 ( 91 ) - do . do. ,,,i HAIPENG KURUMAN do . 11 11 ► d ' I I I I (92) do. do. I GAMOPEDI do . do. I 1:i:,. I I I I I I t:o I I I l:i:,. (93) do. do . MAPHINIKI do . do . 11:i:,. 11>-3 ji; ; I I I It""' (94) do. do . ·! GATLHOSE do . do . 11 11::r: 11:z I 1:i:,. , 11:Z: 11::ti (95) do . d O • ii: ,'! TS l N I NG dO • - d O , . 11 ~ I ~ (96) d O • d O • ti 1\ MAR up ING d O • d O • 11 ° l l 0: ·1 - I I I I :i> nr xE o p op uL Ar r oN ( c f ~ No • 7, v; sE o o r NG do • d o • 11 Z3 : 1~ ------c-:-------1 L --_TLH_~~o, _~ix~d Hdm . MAH~ir\ __ o_;N_O!.ENG ___ ~~-~Y~:;~~_Gc__ _ !o . !! 0 !!! 98 -;~~-=~~~~~~~:;1~RON-A'-~:id:·.K ~L~ I;\:~~ :~~~~~A "• •· ~ "- -~o ~ ~ '" it: 11~-'='~<:'~ ba ga Dioka' 1)1 ii 3500-4000 II;; II~ t\ :1 : I I • 11 99 ~; ~ ~H~~~;~~~:~~6KWAt/E lldm. MPOt'E- c~ ~~~~NG/~::~~;~~::~~; do. i! i I 1:3: I J:i:,. 10 0 1 BA T S Wf NG Tr . AU T H • 1 HD M • KW E ~ r fS A t n ME T S E - MA T A L E( Gr o en 1,1 a t e r ) ! 113: :i :,. I I c-:; 1; C • + 2 oo o po sT M As Bu RG d IH O • , I It"' I Itri 10 1 BA TL H ARO - BA-LO TL Hw A R E BA R EK l!' iji T~ HO wE VR y Bu RG dO • !~ I It""' I IM I I t;' 1 Bamotlh1-1are-kwa-Chowe Tr.Auth. 1 19~! Heunigvlei ! I lo 0 I 1 +6000 1: I 11-< ~A ,~ I l:i:- (102) do. Hdm.SENEO HADIBENG do . do. lg 1 I c .1 650 lo I IH .>-. 129 BATLHAR0-BAGA-T0KWANE HAS I BI ; OISANENG MAFIKENG H0.L0P0 ; \ , I 'BATLHAR0-Baga- HAS I BI .Au th.' l.Q.6'+ 6000 !11 i. h " r I w ,rn n ::>. n ~ MA K r, AI Ar, An I Hi s s i on }i :Ce n tr e EPUKIRO SHA/Namibia 227 METSWEDI: 1. DIPEGELO TSA DITLHOTLHOMISO TSA LEFAPHA LA DITIRELO TSA SEGOSI MO POROFENSENG YA BOKONE BOPHIRIMA: 1 . 1 Application for Elevation of headmanship of Batlharo Ba ga Ngotwane to chieftainship: Tsowe: Batlharo boo Lotlhware Tribal Authority: Ka Selebogo, I.M. TSOWE: KUDUMANE: 21.10.1991. 13 p. 1 .2. Chieftainship of the Batlharo Ba ga Phadima: - ✓ Ka Selebogo, 1.M. GAMORONA: KUDUMANE: 20. 05. 1992 14 p. 1 .3. Recognition & Appointment of Dibele Masibi Masibi as headman: Steilhoogte: Batlharo Ba ga Masibi Tribal Authority: Ka Selebogo, I.M. DISANENG: MOLOPO: 31 . 12. 1987. 11 p. 1 .4. Recognition & Appointment of rightful heir: Batlharo Ba ga Holele: Ka Selebogo, I.M. 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