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dc.contributor.authorBornman, Riana
dc.contributor.authorBouwman, Hindrik
dc.contributor.authorKylin, H.
dc.contributor.authorSereda, Barbara
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-21T13:22:55Z
dc.date.available2014-01-21T13:22:55Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.identifier.citationBouwman, H. et al. 2012. High levels of DDT in breast milk: intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of gender. Environmental pollution, 170:63-70. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/environmental-pollution/]en_US
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn1873-64 1873-6424
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10394/9976
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009
dc.description.abstractWe investigated presence and levels of DDT in 163 breast milk samples from four South African villages where, in three of them, malaria is controlled with DDT-sprayed indoors. Mean ΣDDT levels in breast milk were 18, 11, and 9.5 mg/kg mf (milk fat) from the three DDT-sprayed villages, respectively, including the highest ΣDDT level ever reported for breast milk from South Africa (140 mg/kg mf). Understanding the causes for these differences would be informative for exposure reduction intervention. The Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) for DDT by infants, and the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) were significantly exceeded. DDT had no effect on duration of lactation. There were indications (not significant) from DDT-sprayed villages that first-born female infants drink milk with more ΣDDT than first-born male infants, and vice versa for multipara male and female infants, suggesting gender involvement on levels of DDT in breast milk – requiring further investigation.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectBreast milken_US
dc.subjectSouth Africaen_US
dc.subjectmalaria controlen_US
dc.subjectindoor residual sprayen_US
dc.subjectmaximum residue limiten_US
dc.subjectprovisional tolerable daily intakeen_US
dc.titleHigh levels of DDT in breast milk: intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of genderen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.contributor.researchID10063773 - Bouwman, Hindrik


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