'n Sosio-ekonomiese evaluering van die bewoners van die Vyfhoek-Noordbesproeiingskleinhoewes, distrik Potchefstroom

Abstract

A SOCIO-ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE VYFHOEK-NOORD IRRIGATION SMALL HOLDINGS IN THE POTCHEFSTROOM DISTRICT The study area which is incorporated in the Mooirivier State Water Scheme is situated in the Highveld region of the western interior of the Republic of South Africa. The rainfall distribution is of such a nature that moisture deficiency occurs. To ensure successful crop cultivation the normal rainfall is supplemented by irrigation. A prerequisite, however, is that this irrigation water is effectively applied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single small holding, incorporated in the Mooirivier State Water Scheme, could yield a viable income. After studying the available literature dealing with the relevant aspects of the field of study, data was collected by means of a 100%-questionnaire. Statistical computations were done with the assistance of standardised computer programmes, thereafter graphical and cartographical representations of the data were compiled. After the empirical material had been evaluated, the study was completed with a synthesis and conclusions. The average surface area of a single irrigation plot in the study area is 8,08 ha. The main crops cultivated on these small holdings are lucerne and maize. Crop types and irrigation needs are among others influenced by the presence of different types of soil. The majority respondents are unscientific in their approach to crop cultivation. Instruments like tensiometers to monitor the moisture content of the soil, and evapo-transpiration figures to determine the moisture requirements of crops are not used in the study area. Irrigation is mainly administered in a haphazard fashion. For this reason optimum crop yields are not produced. The net income of R682,39 per ha, in the study area, is insufficient for a viable existence on a surface area of 8,08 ha. The standard of living of individuals is influenced by their economic position. Three indexes occupation, occupation status indicating social-economic status, namely, and a modified Sewell scale were used in the study to determine the economic status of the respondents. This evaluation confirmed the fact that a surface area of 8,08 ha could not produce a viable income from agriculture (crop cultivation). The study thus revealed that in spite of irrigation the surface area of an individual small holding in the study area is too small to produce a viable income. The study. showed that 73,33% of the respondents cultivated a single small holding. The South African small holder is part of an agricultural tradition and wants to live in a rural area and practice agriculture. The profit margin for these respondents is thus of secondary importance. The respondents in the study area must be encouraged to utilize scientific agricultural methods and irrigation practices in order to utilise the optimum agricultural potential and available irrigation sources. If this is impossible, the feasibility of other land uses like a green zone area or the consolidation of small holdings to form an economical agricultural unit or town extension must be investigated.