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dc.contributor.authorViegas, Cláudia Viviane
dc.contributor.authorBond, Alan
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Caroline Rodrigues
dc.contributor.authorBertolo, Rubem Joao
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-15T09:03:54Z
dc.date.available2019-10-15T09:03:54Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationViegas, C.V. et al. 2019. Reverse flows within the pharmaceutical supply chain: a classificatory review from the perspective of end-of-use and end-of-life medicines. Journal of cleaner production, 238: Article no 117719. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117719]en_US
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn1879-1786 (Online)
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10394/33431
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619325752#!
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117719
dc.description.abstractThe Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC) is responsible for considerable environmental and product-value impacts. However, studies on the reverse flows of PSC do not capture the diverse routes of end-of-use and end-of-life medicines (EOU/EOL-M) and how the constraints in the forward supply chain processes and operations impact such reverse flows. This research proposes a classificatory review in which three categories of reverse flows are identified: donations, Reverse Logistics (RL) and Circular Economy (CE). Donations are characterized by explicit philanthropic acts involving corporate reputation or by emergency humanitarian action. RL is boosted by regulatory issues and restricted by business imperatives of the PSC. CE is characterized by informal loops of not expired medicines, mainly due to health professionals’ initiatives (although this may not be clear to participants). This classification emerged from content analysis of 2622 references found in six databases, from which 127 were selected. Three questions guided the review in each category: (i) what are the elements of the forward PSC processes that impact PSC reverse flows?; (ii) in what stages of the PSC are the reverse flows identified?; (iii) what does the academic literature recommend for improving PSC reverse flows? The literature shows that excessive amounts and inappropriate types of medicines hinder donations. Inventory planning and quality control problems are the main difficulties for medicines RL. The circularity of EOU-M is affected significantly by frequent changes of patient therapies and health conditions, and by failures of healthcare agents in monitoring prescriptions. The proposed classification suggests that the circularity of not expired medicines is not yet researched in the field of logistics, supply chain and procurement, and it is scarcely considered in engineering, and business and management areas, which evokes a call for future research agendaen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectPharmaceutical supply chainen_US
dc.subjectMedicines wastesen_US
dc.subjectReverse flowsen_US
dc.subjectReverse logistics (RL)en_US
dc.subjectCircular economy (CE)en_US
dc.titleReverse flows within the pharmaceutical supply chain: a classificatory review from the perspective of end-of-use and end-of-life medicinesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.contributor.researchID23920084 - Bond, Alan James


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