Ecology and calling behaviour of the anurans of northern Zululand, South Africa

Abstract

Amphibian population declines and extinctions have become a global problem. In order to address and track the extent of these declines, key information is needed. Therefore, a dire need exists for non-invasive, rapid, labour-efficient and objective monitoring methods. The northern parts of KwaZulu-Natal have a rich anuran diversity comprising more than 50 frog species. This study aims to evaluate the anuran diversity of north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal using automated recorders (Ssong Meters) strategically placed at selected localities across this area. Secondly, the effect of meteorological variables on the calling activity of the anuran community within the Umlalazi Nature Reserve was determined. Finally, active acoustic recordings aided in resolving confusion about a group within the Hyperoliid genus, Afrixalus. Six Song Meter recorders were used passively to record the calling activity of vocally active male anurans within north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal. A total of 29 species were recorded in this area. Furthermore, this data indicated peak breeding activity, calling times and species abundance. Additionally, insight into meteorological conditions and their effect on anuran calling behaviour were examined. These studies contribute to addressing a lacuna in the field of South African anuran behavioural studies and the effects of environmental change on these animals. In a case study of the leaf-folding frogs (Afrixalus Laurent, 1944), questions raised the concern that due to the practically similar morphology potential among thes species, misidentifications could cause confusion in the field. These matters were clarified using morphological and acoustic analysis. Results obtained from the present study provide important data that could be used to improve the field of anuran behavioural studies, contributing to understanding, guiding and assisting South African anuran conservation