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Liquid biofuels from food waste: current trends, prospect and limitation
(Elsevier, 2016)
Depletion of fossil fuels, environmental damage due to pollution and energy security have intensified research on alternative liquid biofuels. A major portion of municipal solid waste is food waste. Huge quantities of food ...
Biofuel production from spent coffee grounds via lipase catalysis
(Taylor & Francis, 2018)
Lipases namely Mucor miehei, Pseudomonas cepacia, Rhizopus delemar, Geotrichum candidum, Candida rugosa, Porcine pancreas-II, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Candida antarctica lipase-B (Novozyme-435) were employed for ...
Noodle waste based biorefinery: an approach to address fuel, waste management and sustainability
(Taylor & Francis, 2017)
Noodle waste contains significant amounts of starch, lignocellulosic material and oil. Pretreatment involving extraction followed by centrifugation is necessary to separate the oil from the starch and lignocellulosic ...
Ultrasonic assisted biodiesel production
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2014)
One of the biggest hurdles in the production of biodiesel is the high production cost compared to petroleum-derived diesel. Even though the mechanical agitation utilised during biodiesel production is effective, it is ...
Enzymatic biodiesel production from Manilkara Zapota (L.) seed oil
(Springer, 2017)
Oil obtained from the seeds of Manilkara zapota (L.) was transesterified with methanol using lipases as biocatalysts. Four commercially available lipases, such as, porcine pancreas, Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas cepacia and ...
In-situ biodiesel production from sunflower seeds using liquefaction
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2015)
One of the most expensive steps in the bio-diesel value chain is the extraction of oil from the seeds. Simultaneous extraction and transesterification will lower the overall capital costs of the process while enhancing ...
In-situ biodiesel production from municipal waste water treatment plant clarifier effluent stream
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2015)
The natural occurrence of micro-algal species in water treatment plants introduces many operational problems. If one, however, considers the high lipid, protein and carbohydrate content, micro-algae become attractive as ...
Feasibility of cultivating Hartbeespoort Dam microalgae
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
Three cultivation experiments were conducted to grow microalgae in three consecutively scaled-up laboratory systems, which consisted of one, five and 135-litre bioreactors. The highest productivity achieved under optimum ...
Four novel methods for the harvesting of micro-algal biomass
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2011)
The harvesting of micro-algal biomass is one of the most inefficient and costly steps in the whole biomass-to-liquids (BtL) value chain. Harvesting costs may contribute between 20–30% of the total cost of microalgal BtL ...
A comparison of biodiesel purification methods
(ETA-Florence Renewable Energies, 2013)
The purification of biodiesel is of cardinal importance to ensure the final product meets industry standards. This final step in the production stage contributes a large portion of the cost attributed to biodiesel production. ...