Increasing demand for alternative fuel from fossil fuel exists which has led to the development of new technologies for the production of bio-fuels. One such technology involves the hydrotreatment of vegetable oils such ...

The chemical and structural changes of three lignocellulosic biomass samples during pyrolysis were investigated using both conventional and advanced characterization techniques. The use of ATR-FTIR as a characterization ...

Coke production relies on the availability, cost and quality of coking coal. Depleting coking coal resources and environmental pressure force the metallurgical industry to search for alternative methods to produce coke. ...

Biochar is a solid product obtained through torrefaction, liquefaction or pyrolysis of organic material. It can be used for soil amendment, activated carbon for sequestration, or as bio-coal for gasification or co-gasification. ...

The use of non-edible biomass should be investigated as alternatives for biofuel production. Aquatic weeds like water hyacinth (WH) are classified as third generation crops. WH in South Africa is an invasive species that ...

The effect that 6 different biomass feedstocks have on biochar was investigated. The biochar was produced through hydrothermal liquefaction at temperatures of 260˚C and 300˚C. The effect of temperature was also investigated. ...

Coal mining operations produce large amounts of tailings which contains heavy metals. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) can cause environmental problems. The adsorption capacities of biochars produced from spent coffee ...

Spent coffee grounds were transformed into biochar using a hydrothermal method. Some of the biochar product was pre-treated through surfactant impregnation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to enhance its adsorption ...