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dc.contributor.authorMorton, Fred
dc.date.accessioned2015-02-17T07:39:13Z
dc.date.available2015-02-17T07:39:13Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.citationMorton, F. 2014. The rise of a raiding state: Makaba II’s Ngwaketse, c. 1780-1824. New Contree : A journal of Historical and Human Sciences for Southern Africa. 71:25-40, Dec. [http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/4969]en_US
dc.identifier.issn0379-9867
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10394/13371
dc.description.abstractThough long acknowledged for their military prowess under Makaba II (ruled c. 1780-1824), the emergence of the Ngwaketse among the southern Tswana in the pre-difaqane era has not been sufficiently accounted for, and its significance to regional developments has gone unrecognised and unexplained. Argued here is that the Ngwaketse embarked on territorial domination of southern Botswana during the reign of Moleta (ruled c. 1750 – c. 1780), when they subordinated previous inhabitants, introduced military training as part of initiation, and reached their apogee as a territorial entity prior to Makaba’s reign. The area that the Ngwaketse colonised (Gangwaketse) in Moleta’s time became during the reign of his son Makaba II a base for frequent stock raids among their neighbours and for building a formidable regional state. Their success was derived to an important degree from their use of the hilly terrain in northeastern Gangwaketse suited for stone-wall stock posts secure from their enemies. The Ngwaketse built their military might, in other words, by adapting to the landscape they colonised and shaping each of their settlements to varied local resources. Research is based on a correlation of oral histories, settlement locations, initiation and totemic lists, topographical and Google earth surveys, and field surveys and site mapping in parts of northeastern Gangwaketse and the Kanye area.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSchool for Basic Sciences, Vaal Triangle Campus, North-West Universityen_US
dc.subjectSchaperaen_US
dc.subjectNgcongcoen_US
dc.subjectNgwaketseen_US
dc.subjectMoletaen_US
dc.subjectMakaba IIen_US
dc.subjectLegassicken_US
dc.subjectSeokeen_US
dc.subjectPitsaen_US
dc.subjectKanyeen_US
dc.subjectMephatoen_US
dc.subjectLandscapeen_US
dc.subjectStonewall settlementsen_US
dc.subjectStock raidingen_US
dc.subjectKwenaen_US
dc.subjectKgwatlhengen_US
dc.subjectTlhapingen_US
dc.subjectRolongen_US
dc.subjectHurutsheen_US
dc.subjectKgatla Mmanaanaen_US
dc.subjectKololoen_US
dc.subjectMoffaten_US
dc.titleThe rise of a raiding state: Makaba II’s Ngwaketse, c. 1780-1824.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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